Herbicide use has
attracted attention recently due to potential
damage to human health and lethality to the honey bees and other pollinators.
Fenton reagent treatment processes can be applied for the degradation
of herbicidal contaminants from water. However, the need to carry
out the normal Fenton reactions under acidic conditions often hinders
their practical application for pollution control. Herein, we report
on the synthesis and application of multiphasic porous electro-Fenton
catalysts prepared from calcinated metal–organic framework
compounds, CMOF@PCM, and their application for the mineralization
of herbicides in aqueous solution at circum-neutral pH. CMOF nanoparticles
(NPs) are anchored on porous carbon monolithic (PCM) substrates, which
allow for binder-free application. H2O2 is electrochemically
generated on the PCM substrate which serves as a cathode, while ·OH
is generated by the CMOF NPs at low applied potentials (−0.14
V). Results show that the structure and reactivity of the CMOF@PCM
electro-Fenton catalysts are dependent on the specific MOF precursor
used during synthesis. For example, CMIL-88-NH2, which
is prepared from MIL-88(Fe)–NH2, is a porous core–shell
structured NP comprised of a cementite (Fe3C) intermediate
layer that is sandwiched between a graphitic shell and a magnetite
(Fe3O4) core. The electro-Fenton production
of hydroxyl radical on the CMOF@PCM composite material is shown to
effectively degrade an array of herbicides.
We disclose herein a photocatalytic difluoroalkylation and cyclization cascade reaction of N-(but-2-enoyl)indoles with broad substrate scopes in up to 90% isolated yield. This method provides sustainable and efficient access to synthesize difluoroalkylated pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles with a quaternary carbon center under mild conditions.
An unprecedented in situ SO-capture cascade triggered by alkyl radicals has been documented herein. Mechanistic investigations suggest that, triggered by alkyl radicals, SO was released in situ and subsequently fixed into polycyclic small molecules. A wide range of alkylsulfonyl substituted polycyclic compounds were easily prepared with high yields and good functional group tolerability.
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