Comprehensive SummaryFuel‐driven dissipative self‐assembly, which is a well‐established concept in recent years, refers to out‐of‐equilibrium molecular self‐assembly initiated and supported by the addition of active molecules (chemical fuel). It widely exists in nature since many temporary, active micro‐ or nanostructures in living bodies are generated by the dissipative self‐assembly of biomolecules. Therefore, the study on dissipative self‐assembly provides a good opportunity to have an insight into the microscopic mechanism of living organisms. In the meantime, dissipative assembly is thought to be a potential pathway to achieve dynamic, temporary supramolecular materials. Recently, a number of temporary materials have been developed with the aid of strategies for realizing dissipative self‐assembly. Some of their properties, including solubility, stiffness, turbidity, color, or self‐healing ability, change upon the addition of chemical fuel but spontaneously restore with chemical fuel consumption. The dynamic of these materials brings them various unprecedented functions. In this review, the principles of fabricating a fuel‐driven temporary material are first reviewed. Subsequently, recent examples of fuel‐driven temporary materials are emphatically summarized, including gels, self‐erased inks, nanoreactors, self‐healing materials, nanochannels, and droplets. Finally, the challenges of developing fuel‐driven temporary materials and some perspectives on the function and application of such kind of materials are discussed.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Fuel-driven dissipative self-assembly, which is a well-established concept in recent years, refers to out-of-equilibrium molecular self-assembly initiated and supported by the addition of active molecules (chemical fuel). It widely exists in nature since many tempo-rary, active micro- or nanostructures in living bodies are generated by the dissipative self-assembly of biomolecules. Therefore, the study on dissipative self-assembly provides a good opportunity to have an insight into the microscopic mechanism of living organisms. In the meantime, dissipative assembly is thought to be a potential pathway to achieve dynamic, temporary supramolecular materials. Recently, a number of temporary materials have been developed with the aid of strategies for realizing dissipative self-assembly. Some of their properties, including solubility, stiffness, turbidity, color, or self-healing ability, change upon the addition of chemical fuel but spontaneously restore with chemical fuel consumption. The dynamic of these materials brings them various unprecedented functions. In this review, the principles of fabricating a fuel-driven temporary material are first reviewed and subsequently, recent examples of fuel-driven temporary materials are emphatically summarized, including gels, self-erased inks, nanoreactors, self-healing materials, and nanochannels. Finally, the challenges of developing fuel-driven temporary materials and some perspectives on the function and application of such kind of materials are discussed.