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Objectives: To identify the causes of exodontia in adult dentition and its association with Age in Tertiary dental practice. Study design: Descriptive study Place and duration of study: Oral and Maxillofacial surgery department of Azra Naheed Dental College, a tertiary care dental setup in Raiwind, Lahore from Jan 2021 to June 2021. Methodology: Different engines like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline as well as other Oral Surgery journals were searched for relevant articles. This Study comprised of 400 patients selected by random sampling. The consent is taken from the patients before collecting their data. Only permanent teeth extracted for different causes are included in the study. Data was analysed using SPSS 24. Results: Among the 400 patient cases evaluated for exodontia, the chief cause for tooth extraction was because of grossly carious tooth 230 (57.50%), followed by Periodontal reasons 71 (17.75%). This study included patients whose age group range is from 11-69 years, with 62% males and 38% females. A notable difference was observed between cause of tooth extraction and different age groups. Conclusion: Emphasis on dental education can prevent the tooth loss. Common oral diseases such as dental caries at their various stages of progression and periodontal diseases should be highlighted by the oral health promotion campaigns. In addition, consistent dental check-ups at schools, colleges and workplaces should be made compulsory. In addition, the community field trips should be organized. By doing so an increase in oral health awareness may also intimidate patient’s perspective waiting until acute symptoms develop. As a follow-up to this study, it is recommended that a more representative sample of the general population be evaluated. Keywords: Exodontia, Non-Restorable, Caries

Objective: The objective of study was to explore the relationship of breathing and pain during endodontic therapy. Materials and methods: 500 patients who presented in the department of operative dentistry were included in the study. Numeric pain scale was used to document the pain perceived during endodontic therapy. Results were analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: Among the 500 cases, 250 cases presented with mild pain, 158 presented with moderate pain while 92 presented with severe pain. 55.4% cases were of nasal breathers while 44.6% cases were of oral breathers. Conclusion: Patients presenting with nasal breathing pattern reported with mild pain perception during endodontic therapy when compared to patients who were oral breathers. Considering life style modifications like breathing patterns, body hydration and sleep impact the patient’s life and pain management during endodontic therapy. Educating patients on proper breathing and its benefits will have positive outcome on endodontic therapy. Keywords: Oral breathing, nasal breathing, pain perception, endodontics.

Objective: Since Mid 1990s dentistry based Antimicrobial prescription has emerged as the potential drive of Global phenomenon of Antibiotic resistance. However, an inappropriate prescription would not provide sufficient benefit yet it runs the risk of causing side effects. Thus prescribing Antibiotic drugs are dictated by defined criteria which all the dentists are urged to follow and practice to minimize the occurrence of resistance in individuals. The aim of this study was to assessment of the frequency of Prescribing Antibiotics by Dental Practitioners and its misuse leading to antibiotics resistance. Methodology: In this descriptive study, questionnaire based form was distributed among 250 dental practitioners and data was analyzed by using statistical Package for social learning(SPSS). Results: Amoxicillin is considered as most frequently prescribed drug (72.2%) followed by metronidazole and about 89.1% dentists are aware of the misuse of antibiotics and its emerging resistance in individuals. Conclusion: According to our survey most preferred Antibiotic used by Dental practitioners is Amoxicillin for orodental infections followed by Metronidazole. Surprisingly, most of the dentists agreed for training of Health Professionals to curtail the errors and prevention of emerging resistance. Keywords: Misuse, Antibiotics, Dental Practitioners ,Resistance ,Infections.