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Background: Despite the nationwide micronutrient powder (MNP) supplementation, the Philippines only saw limited success in reducing the prevalence of anemia-a condition that has remained a public health concern among young children. Objective: To assess and explore the acceptability and compliance to MNP and Bigas-Mongo (BigMo) complementary food blend among mothers/caregivers of children aged 6 to 23 months and the promotion of these products by community health workers (CHWs). Methods: This study was part of the randomized controlled trial involving 3 methods of data collection: (1) bimonthly visits to mothers and caregivers for 6 months to determine the level of acceptability and compliance of the 4 intervention groups; (2) initial and final interviews with mothers/ caregivers (initial ¼ 141; final ¼ 130) to gather their experiences and difficulties in MNP and BigMo preparation and feeding; and (3) focus group discussion (n ¼ 4) among CHWs (n ¼ 13) to understand their perceptions and difficulties in promoting MNP and BigMo. Results: The overall compliance to MNP consumption was 74.7%, with some difference between the groups. Analysis of the information received from mothers/caregivers showed that maternal adaptive strategies in preparing and feeding MNP to their children could affect MNP use, while nonreceptiveness of mothers to integrating MNP into the child's feeding routine, perceived side effects, and perceived unfavorable taste and smell were key factors considered to limit MNP use.

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mostly considered to moderate relationships rather than measured as a direct or indirect influence toward a specific outcome variable of interest. This study aims to contribute to knowledge that the firm’s export performance, as the outcome variable, is directly and indirectly influenced by environmental hostility with entrepreneurial orientation and dynamic capabilities along a single path. Design/Methodology/Approach – Grounded on the resource-based view and contingency approach in management, an explanatory sequential research design was used. Using the PLS-SEM technique, quantitative data was collected and analyzed from 108 medium-scale agro-processing firms in the Philippines. A series of interviews was done after to validate quantitative findings and to show the practical manifestation of the variables. Findings – The influence of environmental hostility on export performance is not straightforward, and an indirect, multi-step mediating effect is made through the firm’s entrepreneurial orientation and dynamic capabilities. Most importantly, the firm’s dynamic capabilities were seen to be the missing link between the EO-export performance relationship, as it gives the better understanding as to why EO alone cannot always influence above-average export performance. Dynamic capabilities are essentially needed along the firm’s chain of operations, making dynamic capabilities a major antecedent of export performance. Research Implications – EO is responsible for converting threatening and hostile environmental effects into beneficial outcomes, such as enhanced dynamic capabilities. However, dynamic capabilities are responsible for the effective execution of operations that positively influence an above-average export performance.

PurposeThis study analyses how latent variables: environmental hostility, entrepreneurial orientation and dynamic capabilities are demonstrated in practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Coming from mixed-method research, which is an explanatory sequential research design; this paper aims to provide only the qualitative, practical manifestations and validations of the variables previously tested and analysed quantitatively.Design/methodology/approachA case study approach was used whereby open-ended, semi-structured series of interviews was conducted to extract narratives from two owner–managers of medium-scale manufacturer-exporter agro-processing firms in the Philippines. Thematic analysis using deductive reasoning was used to analyse the collected narratives.FindingsThe analysis showed qualitative evidence of a possible intervention of entrepreneurial orientation and dynamic capabilities between the effects of the hostile environment brought about by the pandemic on the firms’ export performance. In addition, organisational resilience was observed to possibly moderate the relationship between the firm’s entrepreneurial orientation and dynamic capabilities. Resilience takes time (years) to develop; with an entrepreneurial behaviour, a continuous enhancement and acquisition of resources, capabilities, knowledge reflects a robust and adaptive organisation during adversity.Social implicationsThe role of education and research institutions was highlighted in the development of dynamic capabilities of firms. The entrepreneurial resilience, however, reflects the individual characteristic of the owner–managers that manifests in the firm’s overall posture toward the overall goal of protecting the industry from its downfall.Originality/valueQualitative evidences composed of direct experiences from key informants served valuable and contextual (Philippine agro-processing industry) validations to the theoretical relationships of variables being analysed.