This research aims to examine the correlations between different early childhood education programs (Montessori, Waldorf, and Ministry of National Education (MNE)) with preschool children’s social competence and types of competition. Beside this, the social competence, and types of competition of children in early childhood examined in terms of demographic variables. Also, the relation between the social competence and types of competition of children investigated. The sample of the study consists of 287 children, 48-72 months of age, who attend pre-primary education institutions. In the study, correlational survey models used. The data collection tools for the research were Personal Information Form, Social Competency and Behaviour Assessment-30 Scale-Teacher Form, and Preschool Competition Questionnaire. At the end of the research, it was seen that there is a significant correlation between different early childhood education programs (Montessori, Waldorf, and MNE) and the social competence and types of competition of preschool children. In the study, it was also determined that the social competence and types of competition of children differ depending on some demographic features of the children.

Background: This study deals with the preoperative HBS and 13C-methacetin breath test for the measurement of liver function with the ultimate goal to design a method to identify patients at risk of postoperative liver failure Methods: Two groups: main (n=53) and historical (n=35), all patients underwent liver resections for primary or metastatic liver tumors.The patients of both groups have passed standard clinical and lab tests, the values of TB, ALB and PT showed no decrease in liver function.CT volumetry and 99mTc-technephyt HBS with 13C-methacetin breath test were performed in all main arm patients Results: A strong positive correlation(r0.71) was found between HBS and 13C breath test results. ROC curve analysis demonstrated high and good quality methacetin test and HBS for liver function reserve in predicting postop liver failure(AUC=0,89 & 0,78 resp.)An incidence of postresection acute liver failure by 50-50 criteria in the main group was sign. 2.2-fold lower than in the historical group(10.6%vs.23.3%,p<0.001).In conformity with functional tests results SVI-SVIIbisegmentectomy was performed instead of right hepatic resection in 15 cases (31,2%).In 6 patients (12,7%) surgical approach was revised for TSH. Conclusion: Preop evaluation of FRL function is important not only in order to detect patients at risk of developing liver failure after liver resection but also for tailoring the appropriate extent of resection.Developing a dynamic liver function test can therefore be considered the 'holy grail' of liver surgery