Aims Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that limits the quality and duration of life. We aimed to estimate the impact of demographic change on the burden of prediabetes and diabetes between 2010 and 2021, and the projections to 2030 and 2045 in Turkiye. Materials and methods Prediabetes and diabetes estimates were calculated by direct standardization method using age- and sex-specific prevalence data from the previous ‘Turkish Epidemiology Survey of Diabetes, Hypertension, Obesity and Endocrine Disease’ (TURDEP-II) as reference. The 2010–2021 population demographics were obtained from TurkStat. Comparative age-adjusted diabetes prevalence was estimated using the standard population models of world and Europe. Results Estimates depicted that the population (20–84 years) of any degree of glucose intolerance in Turkiye increased by over 5.7 million (diabetes: 2.4 million and prediabetes: 3.3 million) from 2010 to 2021. While the increase in prediabetes and diabetes prevalence was 24.3% and 35.2% in overall population, corresponding increase were 46.5% and 51.3% in the elderly. Estimated prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes in 2021 was significantly higher in women than in men (prediabetes: 32.6% vs. 25.2%; diabetes: 17.1% vs. 14.2%). The comparative age-adjusted diabetes prevalence to the European population model was higher than that of the world population model (19.4% vs. 15.0%). According to the projections the prevalence of diabetes will reach 17.5% in 2030 and 19.2% in 2045. Conclusion Assuming age- and sex-specific diabetes prevalence of TURDEP-II survey remained constant, this study revealed that the number of people with diabetes in the general population (particularly in the elderly) in the last 11 years in Turkiye has increased in parallel with the population growth and aging; it will continue to grow over the coming decades. This means the burden of diabetes on the social, economic and health services will remain to increase. The fact suggests that there is an urgent need for re-organization of care as well as to develop and implement a country-specific prevention program to reduce this burden. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10654-022-00960-8.

Anket verileri öğrencilerin %32.6'sının tütün ürünleri (sıklıkla sigara) kullandığını, erkek öğrencilerin sigara kullanma alışkanlığı sıklığının daha yüksek olduğunu, daha erken yaşlarda sigara kullanmaya başladıklarını ve günlük tüketim miktarının (adedinin) daha fazla olduğunu göstermiştir. Sigara kullanma davranışının gelişmesinde "sigara sağlığa zararlıdır" düşüncesine sahip olmanın azaltıcı, buna karşılık sık görüşülen arkadaşların sigara kullanmasının artırıcı etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Üniversite eğitiminin ilk ve son yılları karşılaştırıldığında, sigara kullanan öğrenci sayısının zamanla arttığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Önceki yıllara göre, toplumumuzda Sağlık Meslek Yüksekokulu öğrencileri arasında sigara ve nargile kullanımı artmaktadır. Bu artışta cinsiyet, arkadaş etkisi, merak, özenti, stres ve kültürel özellikler ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle tütün ürünleri ile mücadele politikalarında bu hususların dikkate alınması önem arz etmektedir.

Rare disease patients constitute a significant part of the healthcare system of all countries. However, the information on the experiences during disease processes and daily life of rare disease patients is still limited. So far, there is a small number of studies conducted in Türkiye, and they mainly cover specific issues like education or anxiety. Here we present a comprehensive survey analysis conducted among the patients and their families within the scope of the Istanbul Solution Platform for Undiagnosed and Rare Diseases-ISTisNA project. A total of 498 individuals responded to the survey, and 58% of the participants answered all questions. The majority of the patients were in the age range of 1–10 years (44.7%), and 91% of all the patients had a precise diagnosis. The diagnosis rate in the first 6 months was 69%, and almost 10% of the patients remained undiagnosed. The mothers were the primary caregivers (72%). Nearly 30% of the caregivers had to quit their jobs and 25% of the patients (0–18 years) had to leave school. Accessing physicians with relevant specialization and reaching treatments/medications/supplements were the two main obstacles the participants mentioned, with a frequency of 81% and 73%, respectively. Around 50% of participants noted that they commonly faced difficulties at work/school and in their social lives. The highest expectation or priority was the establishment of rare disease-specific diagnosis and treatment centers, accurate and detailed information on diseases in the Turkish language, and easy access to physicians, treatments, and supportive therapies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive survey conducted on the rare disease community in Türkiye. These results show that regardless of the country, the individuals affected by rare diseases and their families have similar problems and expectations. On the other hand, regional and country-specific issues are still in the line to be solved. These studies can provide a deeper insight into rare diseases and guide the activities of Türkiye's national rare disease action plan.

Aims Diabetes is a chronic disease that limits the quality and duration of life. We aimed to estimate the trends in prediabetes and diabetes between 2010-2020, and the projections to 2023 and 2045 in Turkey. Materials and methods Prediabetes and diabetes estimates were calculated by direct standardization using age/sex-specific data from the previous TURDEP-II survey as reference. The 2010-2020 population demographics were obtained from TurkStat. Comparative age-adjusted diabetes rates were estimated using standard population models of world and Europe. ResultsEstimates depicted that the population (20-84 years) of any degree of glucose intolerance in Turkey increased by approximately 5.3 million (diabetes: 2.2 million and prediabetes: 3.1 million) from 2010 to 2020. While the increase in prediabetes and diabetes rates was 22% and 31.6% in overall population, corresponding increase were 45.2% and 45.6% in the elderly. Notably, diabetes awareness was comparable (54% and 58%). Age-specific prediabetes and diabetes rates were significantly higher in women than in men (diabetes: 14.1% versus 17%; prediabetes: 38.6% versus 30.2%). The comparative age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes to the standard European but not the world population model, showed a higher rate of 19.4%. According to the projections the prevalence of diabetes will reach 15.9% in 2023 and 19.1% in 2045. ConclusionDiabetes has reached epidemic proportions in Turkey and will continue to grow in the coming decades. The fact suggests that there is an urgent need to developing and implementing the country-specific prevention program to halt this increase. Otherwise, the burden of diabetes on social, economic and health services will continue to increase.

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