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Many recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in different disease models. Infertility is a global disease with a high prevalence. Non-obstructive azoospermia may occur due to genetic factors, exposure to toxic substances, anticancer treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy and testicular torsion. Many experiments have been conducted to determine the efficacy of MSCs in the treatment of male infertility due to their differentiation capacity and paracrine effect. In these studies, the differentiation capacities of MSCs, obtained from diverse sources, to male germ cells were determined in vitro and their effects on testis niche were assessed by injection of MSCs into the testis. In this review, we addressed a few of the causes of nonobstructive azoospermia and summarized the current studies to determine the therapeutic effects of MSCs on testicular injury.

The effect of ellagic acid on the repair process of periodontal defects related to experimental periodontitis in rats Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of ellagic acid (EA) by measuring the levels of alveolar bone resorption and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the periodontal tissues and serum on the periodontal repair process related to experimental periodontitis in rats. Methodology: Forty Wistar rats were divided into four study groups as follows: Group 1=healthy control (n=10); Group 2=EA control (15 mg/kg)(n=10); Group 3=periodontitis (n=10); Group 4=periodontitis+EA (15 mg/kg) (n=10). The periodontitis model was established by ligating bilateral mandibular first molars for 14 days. Then, rats were given normal saline or EA for another 14 days by gavage administration. Serum and gingiva myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHdG), and glutathione (GSH) levels were analyzed by ELISA. İmmunohistochemical analysis was used to detect Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) immunoreactivities in the periodontal tissues. Alveolar bone loss (ABL) and attachment loss (AL) was evaluated by histomorphometry analysis.Results: ABL and AL were statistically higher in group 3 than in groups 1, 2 and 4 and in group 4 than in groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). MPO activities in gingival tissue and serum were significantly increased in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Significantly higher serum GSH levels, lower gingiva, and serum 8-OHdG levels, and MPO activity were observed in group 4 compared to group 3 (p<0.05). Rats with periodontitis (group 3) expressed significantly higher immunoreactivities of IL-6 and TNF-α and lower IL-10 immunoreactivity compared to those other groups (p<0.05). IL-6 and TNF-α immunoreactivities significantly decreased and IL-10 immunoreactivity increased in group 4 after the use of EA compared to group 3 (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our findings showed that EA provides significant improvements on gingival oxidative stress and inflammatory markers and alveolar bone resorption in the repair process associated with experimental periodontitis. Therefore, EA may have a therapeutic potential on periodontitis.

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Yapılan pek çok yeni çalışmada, mezenkimal kök hücrelerin (MSC) farklı hastalık modellerinde terapötik etkileri gösterilmiştir. İnfertilite, yaygınlığı yüksek küresel bir hastalık olup erkek faktörü, azalmış over rezervi, ovulatuar faktör, tubal faktör, uterin faktör, pelvik faktör ve açıklanamayan infertilite nedeniyle ortaya çıkabilir. MSC'lerin, farklılaşma kapasiteleri ve parakrin etki özellikleri nedeniyle, ovaryan yetmezlik tedavisindeki etkilerini belirlemek için birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Araştırmalarda farklı kaynaklardan elde edilen MSC'lerin germ hücrelerine farklılaşma kapasiteleri in vitro'da belirlenirken over nişi üzerindeki etkileri MSC'lerin transplantasyonu ile belirlenmiştir. Bu derlemede, ovaryum hasarına bağlı gelişen ovaryan yetmezlik sebeplerini ele alarak, MSC'lerin ve koşullandırılmış besiyerinin ovaryum hasarı üzerindeki terapötik etkilerini belirlemek için mevcut çalışmaları özetledik.