BackgroundPediatric injuries are a very common and serious issue that may result in permanent harm. Regardless of the etiology of the injury, children represent up to 25% of all cases visiting the emergency room. Children suffer nearly twice as many fractures as adults, with males being more vulnerable to this type of injury. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among 2777 patients, and a total of 203 patients who fit the inclusion criteria were included. Data were collected using the electronic system at King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital (KASCH). Participants were selected by a non-probability purposive sampling method and data analysis was carried out using the SPSS program. ResultsThe prevalence of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) related to lower limb fractures was estimated to be 7.3%. The patients had an average mean age of 8.6±4 years, with 10-14 years being the most common age group affected (48.3%) with male predominance (72.4%). Furthermore, femoral fractures were the most commonly identified type (31.5%), and a pedestrian was the most common mechanism of multiple lower limb fractures. Additionally, the highest reported mechanism of injury of lower limb fractures was MVAs. Moreover, the current study shows that most of those patients were treated surgically (55.1%). ConclusionConclusively, our cohort estimated that the prevalence is 7.3% of MVAs-related lower limb fractures among all children presented to the KASCH Emergency Department. Our study showed that children who were 10-14 years of age were the most affected. There is a male over female predominance. A femur was the most common bone to be affected. Lastly, further safety awareness programs and campaigns are important to be initiated by governmental authorities.

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease, is a rising global concern with significant social, economic, and health implications. Proper glycemic control is crucial to guarantee protection against these implications such as micro and macrovascular complications. To achieve proper glycemic control, patients' self-management is probably the most essential component, and the development of appropriate selfmanagement behaviors which include medication adherence and lifestyle modifications improves the prognosis and the incidence of DM complications. ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to examine diabetes self-management and control of diabetic healthcare providers from different specialties working at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Design and settingThis is a cross-sectional pilot study carried out in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, using a pre-validated self-administered questionnaire that was "Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire" (DSMQ), which examined diabetes management and control within the last two months. The questionnaire was distributed to the healthcare providers of all specialties at the site of the study. Correlations and descriptive analyses were carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 23 (IBM Corp, Armonk, USA). ResultsThe total number of participants was 370 healthcare providers (100% response rate). It was found that 26 (7%) of them had diabetes (92.3% of them with type 2 diabetes). The diabetic participants' mean age was 48.58±7.3 years old. 42.3% were applied medical sciences specialists, with 38.5% having years of experience between 16 to 20 years old. 26.3% were Saudi nationals. The mean HbA1c levels among diabetic patients were 6±1.03%, ranging between (5.1%-9%). There was a significant inverse relationship between each section's scores and total scores with the HbA1c levels (p-value<0.05). Total scores for adherence were significantly higher among the age group (51 to 60) (p-value=0.03) and physicians (p-value=0.035). Dietary control was significantly better among age group (51 to 60) (p-value=0.015), and type 2 diabetes (p-value=0.022). Physician contact was significantly higher in the age group (51 to 60) (p-value=0.027). Physical activity was significantly higher among physicians (p-value=0.030). Blood glucose monitoring was significantly better among the age group (above 60) (p-value=0.026), males (p-value=0.03), and physicians (p-value=0.039). ConclusionThe findings suggest the glycemic control and adherence to treatment among diabetic healthcare providers in KAMC-Riyadh are adequate the findings suggest the glycemic control and adherence to treatment among diabetic healthcare providers in KAMC-Riyadh are adequate. Future studies with an adequate sample size are essential to assess diabetes self-management and identify if there is any obstacle toward better compliance in healthcare providers.

Background The coronavirus type 2 that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) was detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. A worldwide emergency response has been initiated because of the fast rise in the number of cases and fatalities during the early stages of the pandemic when vaccinations and efficient medical care were unavailable. Misinformation spread quickly in the early phases of the pandemic, leading to the inappropriate use of medications, chemicals, and traditional remedies for their claimed preventive or therapeutic purposes. Thus, our aim is to identify the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown on the patterns of intoxicated patients presenting to King Abdulaziz Medical City's adult and pediatric emergency departments. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the adult emergency department at King Abdulaziz Medical City and the pediatric emergency department at King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All patients presented with poisoning as a chief complaint between March 23 to June 21 in 2019 (pre-lockdown), 2020 (the lockdown), and 2021 (post-lockdown) were included. Cases of registered poisoning complaints were reviewed and assessed with respect to patient demographics, the causative agent/substance responsible for the poisoning, management of poisoning, and particular outcomes on the approved data collection form by the research team. The data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS v26 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY). The descriptive statistics are presented as frequency and percentage for the categorical data variables and mean and standard deviation for the numerical data. The data were further analyzed by using cross-tabulation (chi-square test), for the data that are both the predictor and the outcome was categorical. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant for all statistical tests. Results Out of 318 patients identified, 164 were adults and 154 were pediatric patients. The mean age of adult and pediatric patients was 33.3±15.5 years and 4±3.6 years, respectively. The majority of patients (115; 70.1%) were males in the adult group and females (90; 58.4%) in the pediatric. The majority of self-harm cases were accidental among both adults and pediatrics, 109 (66.5%) and 144 (93.5%), respectively. The disposition from the emergency department was discharged for 113 (68.7%) adult patients and 134 (87.0%) pediatric patients. The number of cases presented to ER with poisoning cases during the lockdown decreased. This was further tested inferentially, but no significant association was seen among study variables, i.e., p > 0.05. Conclusion The lockdown and pandemic had a significant impact on the rate and patterns of ED visits. The establishment and operation of Drug and Poison Information Centers (DPIC) across the Kingdom, in addition to increasing awareness through campaigns addressing drug and substance safety, is recommended.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease that involves Ulcerative colitis and Crohn‘s disease. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease experience frequent admissions to the hospital. Readmission carries a potential burden to the health care system and negative impacts on the patients. Readmissions can be reduced by identifying the causing factors. The present study aimed at identifying the reasons for readmission in adult patients with IBD at King Abdullah Medical City Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia (KAMC). Methods: A retrospective cohort study enrolled adult patients with confirmed IBD. The collected data included patients&apos; demographics, co-morbidities, laboratory tests, type of inflammatory bowel disease, number of readmissions in one week, three months, six months, and per year, reasons for readmission, intervention, and outcomes. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21 was used to analyze the collected data. Results: A total of 247 IBD patients were included; 58.3% had Crohn&apos;s disease, and 41.7% had UC. There were 84.2% reported 1-2 times readmissions. Abdominal pain and diarrhoea were the major causes of admission in the first readmission (73.7%, 58.7%, respectively), second readmission (30.8%, 17.4%, respectively), third admission (12.6%, 9.7%, respectively), and fourth admission (8.5%, 7.3%, respectively). Conclusion: There were various causes of hospital readmissions among IBD patients, yet the major and most common causes of readmission among the four studied readmissions were abdominal pain and diarrhoea. The least common reasons varied between the different readmissions.

Flatfoot is a foot deformity characterized by a collapsed medial arch, plantar flexion and medial rotation of the talus, eversion of the calcaneus, and forefoot abduction. The flatfoot prevalence and causes are not well known despite its correlation with multiple factors. This study aimed to systematically review all studies that estimated the flatfoot prevalence among Saudi population and list the associated factors. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines and Joanna Briggs Institute reviewer’s manual were followed to perform this systematic review. Data collection was through several databases using terms including prevalence, Saudi, and flatfoot with their synonyms. The inclusion criteria were both adults and children’s studies that were carried out in Saudi Arabia (Saudi and non-Saudi), with the exclusion of secondary flatfoot (due to traumatic or pathological causes) studies. A total of 361 published studies before July 2021 which involved 6190 participants were reviewed, and only six studies were included in the study. The participants’ age ranged from 4.2 ± 3.6 to 37 ± 11.26 years. There was male predominance, with body mass index (BMI), age, and gender being common factors studied in the articles. Flatfoot prevalence in Saudi Arabia differed according to multiple factors as reported by different authors. This review revealed a wide range of flatfoot prevalence among the Saudi population. Most of the included studies reported that BMI, age, gender, residence, family history of flatfoot, footwear type during childhood, hypermobility, functional mobility, balance, and flexibility of the whole body had a significant impact on flatfoot prevalence.