Non-tunneled central venous catheter remains the preferred vascular access at hemodialysis initiation in developing countries despite a high burden of infection complications. The goal of this study was to determine the burden, risk factors, and microbiological spectrum of catheter-related bloodstream infections at a tertiary care center in Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study design was applied among patients who underwent central venous catheter insertion for hemodialysis between January 2016 and June 2022 with no native arteriovenous fistula and stayed more than 48 hours. Data were collected from the patient's registration book, patient charts, and microbiology registry and analyzed using SPSS 21. Binary logistic regression was applied to assess the relationship between the independent and outcome variables. P-values less than 0.05 with AOR and 95% CI were used as statistically significant variables. Results: In this study, 353 patients were included. The mean age was 39±17.9 years and the average duration of catheter stay was 58 ±95 days. A hundred thirty-five (38.2%) CRBSIs were documented with an incidence rate of 7.74 episodes per 1000 catheter days. The causative microorganism was predominantly gram-negatives (57.6%). Duration of a catheter (AOR: 0.3; P < 0.001), previous CVC infection (AOR: 11.9; P < 0.001), high white blood cell count (AOR: 0.31; P<0.001), urban residence (AOR: 1.92; P<0.05), and low hemoglobin levels (AOR: 2.78; P < 0.05) were independently associated with catheter-related bloodstream infections. Conclusion:In conclusion, the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infection among patients on hemodialysis was high with gram-negative predominance. Early fistula must be planned to reduce the duration of temporary vascular access.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is being recognized as a global public health problem. It is a major non-communicable disease with the global prevalence varying between 10.5% and 13.1%. Diabetes and hypertension appear to be the leading causes of chronic kidney disease worldwide. An institution based cross-sectional study was undertaken from Oct 20, 2018 to Nov 20, 2019 G.C. Data was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire designed to meet the study objective. After describing variables, logistic regression was conducted to identify independent associated factors of CKD. Statistical significance was declared at P<0.05. Of the 450 studied patients, 260(57.8%) were males and more than half (54.2%) were between ages of 25 to 40 years. The prevalence of CKD among patients admitted to medical ward was 17.3% (95% CI 13 - 29.9) and 14.4% (95 % CI 6.2 – 12.3) by Cockcroft Gault and MDRD equations, respectively and majority (61.5%) of them were stage 5. Hypertension (AOR= 7.8 95%CI 4.1, 14.9), history of recurrent urinary tract infection (AOR= 3.5 95% CI 1.1, 7.3) and history of using nephrotoxic drugs (AOR=3.4 95% CI 2, 9.3) were significantly associated with CKD. The burden of CKD among patients in a medical inpatient unit was high and majority of the patients present late. Hypertension, use of nephrotoxic agents and recurrent urinary tract infections were found to be important predictors.

Introduction Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is being recognized as a global public health problem. CKD is a major non-communicable disease with the global prevalence varying between 10.5% and 13.1%. Diabetes and hypertension appear to be the leading causes of CKD and End Stage Renal Disease worldwide. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of CKD and its associated factors among patients admitted to medical ward in a tertiary hospital, Northern Ethiopia. Methodology: An institution based cross-sectional study was undertaken using systematic random sampling technique to select study participants. Sample sizes of 450 patients were included in the study. Data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire designed to meet the study objective. The data collection period was from October 20, 2017 to March 20, 2018 G.C. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.The odds ratio with their 95% confidence interval and P value were calculated. Statistical significance was declared if P value < 0.05. Result: Of the 450 patients, 260(57.8%) were males. More than half (54.2%) were between ages of 25 to 40 years. The overall prevalence of CKD among patients admitted to medical ward was 17.3% (95% CI 13 - 29.9) and 14.4% (95 % CI 6.2 – 12.3) by Cockcroft Gault and MDRD equations respectively. Prevalence of stage 5 CKD was 61.5% by Cockcroft Gault equation. Hypertension AOR 3(95%CI 1.28, 4.1), history of recurrent urinary tract infection AOR 3.5 (95% CI 1.1, 7.3) and history of using nephrotoxic drugs AOR 3.4 (95% CI 2, 9.3) were significantly associated with CKD.  Conclusion: The prevalence of CKD among adult patients admitted to medical ward in tertiary hospital, Northern Ethiopia was high and majority of patients with CKD were stage 5. Hypertension, use of nephrotoxic agents and recurrent urinary tract infections were significantly associated with CKD.

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease is being recognized as a global public health problem. It is a major non-communicable disease with the global prevalence varying between 10.5% and 13.1%. Diabetes and hypertension appear to be the leading causes of chronic kidney disease worldwide. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and its associated factors of chronic kidney disease among patients admitted to medical ward in a tertiary hospital, Northern Ethiopia.Methodology: An institution based cross-sectional study was undertaken using systematic random sampling technique to select study participants from October 20, 2017 to March 20, 2018 G.C. Data from 450 patients was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire designed to meet the study objective. After describing variables, logistic regression was conducted to identify independent associated factors of chronic kidney disease. Statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05.Result: Of the 450 patients, 260 (57.8%) were males and more than half (54.2%) were between ages of 25 to 40 years. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease among patients admitted to medical ward was 17.3% (95% CI 13 - 29.9) and 14.4% (95 % CI 6.2 - 12.3) by Cockcroft Gault and MDRD equations, respectively and majority (61.5%) of them were stage 5. Hypertension (AOR = 7.8 95% CI 4.1, 14.9), history of recurrent urinary tract infection (AOR = 3.5 95% CI 1.1, 7.3) and history of using nephrotoxic drugs (AOR = 3.4 95% CI 2, 9.3) were significantly associated with chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease among adult patients admitted to medical ward in tertiary hospital, Northern Ethiopia was high and majority of patients were stage 5. Hypertension, use of nephrotoxic agents and recurrent urinary tract infections were significantly associated. Knowing these risk factors will be very important for early detection of kidney disease and slowing progression. Since once end stage renal disease established, treatments are expensive, lifelong, resource intensive and scarce, especially in our country.