Research of Occult Hepatitis B Infection in HIV-infected Patients, Schindler Study ABSTRACT Objective: Occult hepatitis B infection seems to be more prevalent among subjects at high risk for HBV infection and with concomitant liver disease. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of OHBI in group of HIV-1+/HBsAg- Turkish patients. Methods: Ten centers in Turkey have been included in the study. Gender, age, occupation, place of residence, treatment status, clinic, immunodeficiency panel, eliza tests, hemogram, biochemistry and coagulation laboratory results of the patients were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The number of HIV-infected patients followed in these centers is 3172. The mean age of the patients was 37.2 ± 13.1, and they were 235 males (84.5%) and 43 (15.5%) females. 278 (99.6%) of the patients are patients who received antiretroviral treatment. included in the s Of the 279 patients included in the study, it was determined that HBsAg was negative in all of them, 169 were positive for Anti HBs and 125 were positive for Anti HBc IgG. HIV RNA (203/278) was detected in 203 of the patients. 4 (1.4%) of the patients were diagnosed with OHB. In our study, no significant difference was found in hemoglobin and bilirubin levels and complete blood count in patients with HIV-OHB co-infection. However, albumin values were found to be <3.5 in three OHD patients (p = 0.043). Conclusion: Reasearch the presence of OHB infection in HIV-infected patients is important in determining treatment options and predicting the survival of patient. Hypoalbuminemia could be showing hepatic failure and we can suggest the importance of treatment that diseases.

Backround: The ongoing pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has declared as a global emergency. Although the most people had mild illness due to the infection, some patients were seriously affected associated with complications especially including respiratory and cardiovascular systems. In despite of the respiratory system involvement is in the foreground, cardiovascular complications result in worse clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study is to compare the levels of the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, lymphocyte-to-monocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios -which are accepted as a marker of negative outcomes in cardiovascular diseases- of the patients with COVID-19 and healthy subjects and reveal the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with COVID-19. Methods: This prospective study was designed in a single center and included 33 patients with COVID-19 (Group 1) and 33 healthy subjects consisted of health care professionals (Group 2). N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, lymphocyte-to-monocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios were compared between the groups. Results: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios were statistically significantly higher in the patients with COVID-19 (p<0,0001) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio was statistically significantly lower in the same group (p<0,0001). Conclusion: Cardiovascular manifestations result in worse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 although the disease primarily affects the respiratory system. Early detection of this clinical situation and taking precautions have vital importance in the progress of the disease. NT-proBNP levels, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, lymphocyte-to-monocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios are inexpensive, easy, fast and reproducible parameters that can be used in determination of probabl cardiovascular events that may develop during COVID-19 and enables early optimal treatment strategies for patients.