The surface roughness of the c-TiO2 layer help controls the perovskite grain size without any other parameter. The direct effect of perovskite grain size on PSC performance is clarified.

No abstract

Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) was used as a template coupled with liquid process for synthesis of TiO 2 nanorods. Immersion setting (IS) was carried out to insert a TiO 2 precursor solution into AAO pore. With the calcination and NaOH treatment to remove AAO, SEM characterization revealed that TiO 2 nanorods with diameter around 100-200 nm were successfully fabricated from AAO commercial templates. The synthesized nanorods mixed with commercial TiO 2 nanoparticles (P-25) with a mixing ratio of 5:95 (by mass) were used as an electrode in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), The photoelectrodes made with nanorods showed a better performance than the cells used of only pristine TiO 2 nanoparticles. The results from current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics of DSSCs showed that short-circuit current density (J SC ), open-circuit voltage (V OC ), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE) are 11.78 mA/cm 2 , 0.72 V, 0.55, and 4.68%, respectively. Due to the effects of one-dimensional (1-D) nanostructure, the electron expressway concept was achieved in this research.

Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) was used as a template coupled with liquid process for synthesis of TiO 2 nanorods and seminanotubes. Immersion setting (IS) and vacuum drop setting (VDS) were carried out to insert a TiO 2 precursor solution into AAO pores. With the calcination and NaOH aq. treatment to remove AAO, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that TiO 2 nanorods with diameter around 100200 nm were successfully fabricated from IS, whereas TiO 2 semi-nanotubes were given from VDS. The synthesized nanorods or semi-nanotubes were mixed with commercial TiO 2 nanoparticles (P-25) with mixing ratios of 5:95, 10:90 and 15:85 (by mass). The optimum mixing ratios for nanorods and semi-nanotubes are 5:95 and 10:90, respectively. The photoelectrodes made with nanorods or semi-nanotubes showed better performances than the cells used of only P-25, because of the effects of one-dimensional (1-D) nanostructure.