No abstract

In this study, the examination of techno-economic feasibility analysis of a solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation were carried out by taken into account a PV power plant that has the capacity of 100 kW e as an example, in the province of Adana, Turkey. For this purpose, the technical characteristics of the PV array, the amount of electricity production, the cost of electricity production, investment and operating costs, payback periods and the amount of CO 2 emissions reduction were determined for the solar PV plant. By using the total area of 653.4 m 2 PV cell, total 135,403 MWh of electricity was produced in the power plant. To this end, total 5 units of PV arrays were required with the surface area of 130.7 m 2 each. In this case, the system efficiency was determined as 12.2%, the annual specific efficiency of the system was 1,352 kWh/kW and the amount of CO 2 emissions reduction was obtained as 119,830 Mg/year. The payback period of the system was 7.8 years and the electricity production cost was 0.1400 TL (Turkish Liras)/kWh, respectively.

Chicken meat and egg production in the Çukurova region of Southern Turkey shows enormous potential for growth. However, high temperatures in summer pose serious difficulties for these types of production. Evaporative pad cooling systems have been used to minimise rises in temperature and are commonly used in poultry houses in this region. The change of air temperature from the entry point to the system through the pads, to the exit point of the broiler house was investigated in this study. Experiments were carried out in a tunnel-ventilated broiler house in the Çukurova region. The broiler house has the capacity to house 15 000 chicks with a floor area of 70 by 12 m. In this experiment, the broiler house incorporated 15-cm-thick cellulose-based pads. Results obtained in August–September 2007 revealed a cooling efficiency of 69.35%, a 5.19°C decrease from the outside air temperature after passing through the pads, and a 1.52°C increase in air temperature at the exit point, which was located at the end of the broiler house.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the relationship between the temperature decrease of the air passing through the pad and flow rate of pad wetting water for pad evaporative cooling. In the experiments, a commercially available cellulose based evaporative cooling pad (CELdek ® 7060-15 pad) was used. Experiments were conducted at three different water flow rates (2 L min -1 m -2 ; 4 L min -1 m -2 and 6 L min -1 m -2 ) and two different air velocities (1.0 m sec -1 and 1.5 m sec -1 ). The temperature decrease of the air passing through the pad and cooling effectiveness values were lowest at water flow rate of 6 L min -1 m -2 while they were close to each other at 4 L min -1 m -2 and 2 L min -1 m -2 water flow rates. The relationship between water flow rate and the temperature decrease of the air passing through the pad was found to be statistically insignificant, while the relationship between water flow rate and cooling effectiveness was statistically significant (P<0.01). It was concluded that it is impossible to build a mathematical model between water flow rates and temperature decrease of the air passing through the pad. However, the most appropriate water flow rate for the experimental conditions was considered 4 L min -1 m -2 .

In this study, biogas production efficiencies of mixtures obtained by adding corn silage (CS) to citrus industrial wastes at different ratios were determined. Orange (OJPW) and tangerine processing juice wastes (TJPW) (crusts and shells) were selected as materials in the study. 25%, 50%, 75% of CS was added to these selected wastes. Changes in the obtained mixture chemical properties (dry matter, dry organic matter, crude ash, crude protein, crude oil, Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF)), biogas production and methane content in the biogas were investigated. The results of the study showed that the highest crude protein content was found in 100% TJPW (10%), raw fat percentage in 100% TJPW (5.14%), dry matter content in 100% CS (93.56%), ADF in 100% CS (22.74%) and the NDF in a mixture of 25% OJPW + 75% CS (45.08%).The highest methane production was determined for a mixture of 100% TJPW and 50% TJPW + 50% OJPW (0.46 m 3 kg -1 ODM). Also the highest biogas production was determined in a mixture of 50% OJPW + 50% TJPW (0.90 m 3 kg -1 ODM). The mixing of CS in TJPW and OJPW reduced significantly the production of methane and biogas in the mixture. As a result of the statistical analysis, significant differences (P≤0.05) were found in both methane and biogas production of agricultural wastes.