Electronic apex locators (EALs), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and radiovisiography (RVG) claim to determine of working length (WL) in primary molar teeth. To evaluate the accuracy of WL determination by using three EALs, RVG, and CBCT imaging in extracted human primary molar teeth with/without root resorption. Twenty extracted primary molar teeth with resorption and 20 extracted primary molar teeth without resorption were used. After measuring actual lengths (AL) (Group 1), the electronic WL measurements were performed by using three different EALs [COXO C Smart-1 Pro (Group 2), iPex (Group 3), and Apex ID (Group 4)]. Two different image sets were obtained as follows: CBCT imaging (Group 5) and RVG (Group 6). AL measurements performed with an endodontic measuring ruler and compared with the EAL, CBCT, and RVG image measurements. For all groups, there were no significant differences between the teeth with resorption and without. There were no significant differences in measuring methods from AL and between the methods used (p > .05). When electronic and radiographic method were compared in different frequency ranges, there was no statistically significant difference (p > .05). This study showed that EALs, CBCT, and RVG have high accuracy in primary molar teeth both with resorption and without root resorption and can be used for determining WL.

Objectives: The purposes of this in vitro study was to compare the bond strength of Biodentine® and Imicryl MTA to a compomer material, and to examine the effect of the setting time on the bond strength. Materials and Methods:A total of 100 acrylic blocks with a hole (4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height) were prepared. Acrylic blocks were randomly divided into two main groups according to cement type to be applied, Biodontine® or Imicryl MTA (n = 50). The specimens of each main group were then divided into 5 subgroups, which were randomized relative to different setting times. (12 minutes, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours) (n = 10). The samples were filled completely with Biodentine® or Imicrly MTA according to the manufacturer's instructions. Compomer was placed in this transparent tube with the help of a hand plugger and light cured for 40 seconds with the LED device (Elipar TM , 3M ESPE, MN, USA) to polymerize the compomer. The acrylic molds were fixed to a universal test machine and shear bond strength (SBS) test was made under shear force at a cross-speed of 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA and Tukey's posthoc test (p=0.05).Results: While, Biodentine® had significantly higher SBS values than Imicrly MTA at 12m setting time (p<0.05), there was no difference between Biodentine® and Imicrly MTA among other setting periods (p>0.05). Regardless of cements tested, there were similar SBS values among pairwise comparisons between setting time groups (p>0.05).Conclusions: There were higher SBS values of Biodentine® to compomer than Imicrly MTA in all setting time groups, the only statistical significance existed in 12 min group.

Objectives: Pulpotomy is one of the pulp therapy for cariously exposed pulps in primary molar teeth. There are several materials that allows regeneration of the residual pulp. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two different calcium silicate based materials (ProRoot MTA, BIOfactor MTA) in primary molar teeth vital pulpotomies.Materials and Methods: A total of 12 children (24 human mandibulary primary second molar teeth) aged between 6 and 9 years were selected in this randomized clinical study. The patients were randomly assigned to receive the pulpotomy medicaments. All pulpotomized teeth were restored with stainless steel crowns and evaluated clinically and radiologically at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Statistical analysis using chi-square test was performed to determine the significant differences between two materials.Results: Neither clinical nor radiographical differences were seen in 1st, 3rd and 6th months but in 12th month ProRoot MTA showed statistically better results in clinical evaluation (p=0.047). Conclusions:Both two calcium silicate based materials showed similar clinical and radiographical results by the end of 6th month but ProRoot MTA showed better results at the end of 12th month.

Metaphors are strong tools used in describing the perceptions of people about a certain phenomenon in detail. The aim of this study was to determine the perceptions of dental students towards pediatric dentistry clinic (PDC) through metaphors. Materials and Methods:The study group consisted of 441 dental students (DS) who were selected by convenience sampling method. The participants were asked to fill in gaps in the statement "PDC is like ………, because ………". The conceptual categories under which the metaphors produced about PDC were investigated and also examined whether there were any significant differences between these conceptual categories in terms of the genders and grades (preclinical or clinical) of the participants. The mixed method including the quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques was used for statistical analysis. Results:DS produced 320 valid metaphors under a total of 17 sample metaphors that best reflect all of them. The metaphors were collected under 4 conceptual categories which are; PDC is like; 1) an educative place; 2) a curative place; 3) a playground place; and 4) a scary place. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in terms of gender (p>0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of grades (p<0.05). While clinical dental students showed a heavy distribution in educative and curative categories, preclinical dental students showed a distribution mostly in scary and playground category. Conclusion: Metaphor analysis was seen as a beneficial measurement tool in determining the perceptions of the dental students.