No abstract

The connected vehicle (CV) system promises unprecedented safety, mobility, environmental, economic, and social benefits, which can be unlocked using the enormous amount of data shared between vehicles and infrastructure (e.g., traffic signals, centers). Real-world CV deployments, including pilot deployments, help solve technical issues and observe potential benefits, both of which support the broader adoption of the CV system. This study focused on the Clemson University Connected Vehicle Testbed (CU-CVT) with the goal of sharing the lessons learned from the CU-CVT deployment. The motivation of this study was to enhance early CV deployments with the objective of depicting the lessons learned from the CU-CVT testbed, which includes unique features to support multiple CV applications running simultaneously. The lessons learned in the CU-CVT testbed are described at three different levels: (i) the development of system architecture and prototyping in a controlled environment, (ii) the deployment of the CU-CVT testbed, and (iii) the validation of the CV application experiments in the CU-CVT. Field experiments with CV applications validated the functionalities needed for running multiple diverse CV applications simultaneously using heterogeneous wireless networking, and meeting real-time and non-real-time application requirements. The unique deployment experiences, related to heterogeneous wireless networks, real-time data aggregation, data dissemination and processing using a broker system, and data archiving with big data management tools, gained from the CU-CVT testbed, could be used to advance CV research and guide public and private agencies for the deployment of CVs in the real world.

published" is the date the accepted preprint is posted on IEEE Xplore ® ; "current version" is the date the typeset version is posted on Xplore ® ).

No abstract

A connected vehicle (CV) environment is composed of a diverse data collection, data communication and dissemination, and computing infrastructure systems that are vulnerable to the same cyberattacks as all traditional computing environments. Cyberattacks can jeopardize the expected safety, mobility, energy, and environmental benefits from connected vehicle applications. As cyberattacks can lead to severe traffic incidents, it has become one of the primary concerns in connected vehicle applications. In this paper, we investigate the impact of cyberattacks on the vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) network from a V2I application point of view. Then, we develop a novel V2I cybersecurity architecture, named CVGuard, which can detect and prevent cyberattacks on the V2I environment. In designing CVGuard, key challenges, such as scalability, resiliency and future usability were considered. A case study using a distributed denial of service (DDoS) on a V2I application, i.e., the Stop Sign Gap Assist (SSGA) application, shows that CVGuard was effective in mitigating the adverse effects created by a DDoS attack. In our case study, because of the DDoS attack, conflicts between the minor and major road vehicles occurred in an unsignalized intersection, which could have caused potential crashes. A reduction of conflicts between vehicles occurred because CVGuard was in operation. The reduction of conflicts was compared based on the number of conflicts before and after the implementation and operation of the CVGuard security platform. Analysis revealed that the strategies adopted by the CVGuard were successful in reducing the inter-vehicle conflicts by 60% where a DDoS attack compromised the SSGA application at an unsignalized intersection.