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The aim of this work is to study and quantify the air mass flow exchanged between inside and outside of the greenhouse, in order to determine the ventilation openings layout and the design effect on greenhouse airflow and microclimate distribution. The study was conducted over a 945 m 2 multi-chapels arched greenhouse with a polyethylene cover and has thirteen crop rows oriented from north to south; the greenhouse was equipped with side wall and roof vents openings. A simulation was performed using different arrangements and configurations of ventilation openings with the same wind direction. Numerical simulation has been adopted in three dimensions (CFD), using the Fluent computer code which relies on the resolution of the Navier-Stokes equations. These equations were solved in the presence of the turbulence model (k -ε) and the Boussinesq model equation adopted to incorporate buoyancy forces. The effects of solar and atmospheric radiation were included by solving the radiative transfer equation (RTE), using Discrete Ordinate (DO) model. The effects of the roof openings, the presence of anti-insect screens and crops orientation were investigated and quantified. In a 3-span greenhouse with an anti-aphid insect screen in the vent openings, combining roof and sidewall vents gave a ventilation rate per unit opening area that was 1.4 times more than with only side vents. In the latter case, the difference of temperature between the inside and the outside of the greenhouse was greater than 3˚C. Numerical simulations with an anti-insect screen having a porosity of 56% showed that the air exchange rate with combined ventilation was reduced by 48%. Finally, the paper focused on the effect of vent arrangement on the efficiency of the ventilation and the distribution of the microclimate inside the greenhouse. Results showed that computed ventilation rates varied from 53.43 to 70.

The aim of this paper is to predict in details the distributed nocturnal climate inside a one hectare Moroccan canary type tomato-greenhouse equipped with continuous roof and sidewalls ventilation openings with fine insect screens, by means of 3D CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations by using a commercial Software package CFD2000 based on the finite volumes method to solve the mass, momentum and energy conservation equations. The turbulent transfers were described by a k-ε model. Likewise, the dynamic influences of insect screens and tomato crop on airflow movement were modeled by means of the concept of porous medium with the Boussinesq assumption. Atmospheric radiations contribution was included in the model by customising the plastic roof cover temperature deducted from its energy balance. Also, the CFD code was customized in order to simulate in each element of the crop cover the sensible and latent heat exchanges between the greenhouse air and tomato crop. Simulations were carried out with a wind prevailing direction perpendicular to the roof openings (west-east direction). Simulations were later validated with respect to temperature and specific humidity field measurements inside the experimental greenhouse. Also, the model was verified respect to global sensible and latent heat transfers. Results show that, generally, greenhouse nocturnal climate distribution is homogeneous along the studies greenhouse area. The insect proof significantly reduced inside airflow wind speed. But there is no significant effect on the inside air temperature and specific humidity respect to outside.

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