Objective: Although daytime dysfunction is highly correlated with insomnia disorder, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood, and previous studies have not produced consistent results. Thus, the present study compared the attention performance of insomnia patients with that of normal controls to investigate the association of various clinical symptoms with attention in insomnia patients. Methods: The present study included 30 patients with insomnia disorder (INS; 24 females and 6 males, mean age: 43.87±13.73 years) and 26 healthy controls (HC; 13 females and 13 males, mean age: 37.08±13.40 years) who completed questionnaires about sleep and affect as well as computerized attention tasks and nocturnal polysomnography assessments. Results: Although there were no significant differences in attention performance between the INS and HC groups, correlation analyses revealed that the two groups exhibited different patterns in the relationships of sleep-related symptoms with attention performance. The insomnia patients reported severe difficulties with sleep initiation or frequent negative thoughts related to sleep, and these symptoms were correlated with poorer attention performance. In contrast, the poor sleep disturbance was associated with good attention performance in the HC group. Conclusion: The present results indicated that the attention complaints of insomnia patients may be associated with the failure to maintain attentional effort due to sleep-related psychological symptoms or anxiety rather than objective cognitive impairments.

Objectives: The present study investigated current practices of insomnia treatment among Korean doctors in clinical settings. Methods: A total of 100 doctors participated in the present study and filled out a series of survey questions regarding their treatment of insomnia patients. Results: The results revealed that the primary type of insomnia treatment was pharmacological and that the most popular medication was zolpidem. The majority of doctors reported that they also utilized non-pharmacological treatments such as sleep hygiene education and cognitive-behavioral therapy. However, these treatments tended to result in low satisfaction. In addition, the doctors perceived that patients largely preferred pharmacological treatments to non-pharmacological ones and did not have sufficient knowledge of non-pharmacological treatments. Conclusion: Many doctors believed that non-pharmacological treatments for insomnia were important, but reported that they were difficult to implement in practice. The results of this study suggest that improved medical conditions for non-pharmacological treatments and education of physicians are necessary to appropriately treat insomnia. Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology 2016；23(2)：77-83

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Objective: This preliminary study examined whether sleepwear affected sleep parameters using nocturnal polysomnography (nPSG) and self-reported questionnaire in healthy adults. Methods: Fourteen participants were recruited (nine females and five males; mean age, 29.43±8.58 years). nPSG was conducted for three consecutive nights, including the adaptation night, and self-reported questionnaires about sleepwear and sleep parameters were completed. On the second and third nights after the adaption night, participants were randomly assigned to a group wearing the DPV576 experimental sleepwear (ES) on the first night with the control sleepwear (CS) worn the following night, or a group wearing the two types of sleepwear in the reverse order. The objective and subjective sleep parameters for each night were compared using the paired t-test. Results: Objective sleep variables were not significantly different between the two types of sleepwear. However, total sleep time (TST) on nPSG tended to be higher when participants wore the ES than the CS (p=0.06) in the results of nine who reported relatively high sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index <5). When wearing the ES all participants reported more frequent dream (p=0.03), and less discomfort caused by sleepwear while lying down and moving in bed (i.e., tossing and turning), than the CS (p=0.04). Conclusion: These results suggest that sleepwear type might affect objective sleep parameters (e.g., TST on nPSG) and be associated with changes in subjective sleep measures, such as the frequency of dreams and the discomfort caused by tossing and turning.