Virtual reality simulation can give nursing students a safe clinical experience involving highrisk infants where access to neonatal intensive care units is limited. This study aimed to examine the effects of a virtual reality simulation program on Korean nursing students' knowledge, performance selfefficacy and learner satisfaction. Methods: A nonequivalent control group design was applied. Senior nursing students were divided into an experimental group (n ¼ 25) experiencing virtual reality simulation and routine neonatal intensive care unit practice and a control group (n ¼ 25) having routine neonatal intensive care unit practice. The program consisted of three scenarios: basic care, feeding management and skin care and environmental management for prevention of neonatal infection. The total execution time for the three scenarios was 40 minutes. The simulation created immersive virtual reality experiences using a head-mounted display with hand-tracking technology. Data were collected from December 9, 2019, to January 17, 2020, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the t-test, paired t-tests, Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. Results: Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements in high-risk neonatal infection control performance self-efficacy (t ¼ À2.16, p ¼ .018) and learner satisfaction (t ¼ À5.59, p < .001). Conclusion:The virtual reality simulation program can expand the nursing students' practice experience in safe virtual spaces and enhance their performance self-efficacy and learning satisfaction.

Preoperative FPG levels and donor liver steatosis were independent risk factors for NODAT, whereas administration of an IL-2R antagonist reduced the risk of NODAT. Patients with NODAT had reduced survival and an increased incidence of sepsis and chronic renal insufficiency. Significant causes of death in the NODAT group were pulmonary infection and multisystem failure.

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It is important to strengthen new graduate nurses' resilience in order to increase their job involvement and to reduce their turnover intention.

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