Community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP) merupakan penyakit infeksi yang memiliki mortalitas, morbiditas dan biaya yang tinggi. Studi farmakoekonomi diperlukan untuk menganalisis pemilihan kombinasi antibiotik yang bervariasi dengan mempertimbangkan biaya dan efektivitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai cost-effectiveness kombinasi antibiotik azitromisin-seftriakson dan kombinasi azitromisin-sefotaksim pada pengobatan CAP di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung serta menganalisis faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap nilai cost-effectiveness. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif dari rekam medis pasien dan Sistem Informasi Rumah Sakit (SIRS). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret-Juni 2019. Data biaya meliputi total biaya medik dari rumah sakit/healthcare perspective (biaya obat, alat kesehatan, tindakan, pemeriksaan, jasa dokter, dan rawat inap) dan total biaya dari Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS)/payer perspective (tarif INA-CBG). Nilai efektivitas pada penelitian ini diukur dalam penurunan jumlah leukosit. Hasil menunjukkan nilai Average Cost-effectiveness Ratio (ACER) pada kombinasi azitromisin-seftriakson dari payer dan healthcare perspective secara berturut-turut adalah Rp2.987 dan Rp2.080 per penurunan 1 sel leukosit/ mm 3 , lebih tinggi dibandingkan kombinasi azitromisin-sefotaksim yaitu Rp2.853 dan Rp1.184 per penurunan 1 sel leukosit/mm 3. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan Incremental Cost-effectiveness Ratio (ICER), diketahui penggantian kombinasi azitromisin-seftriakson oleh azitromisin-sefotaksim akan menghemat biaya sebesar Rp4.531 (payer perspective) dan Rp22.379 (healthcare perspective). Hasil uji sensitivitas menunjukan penurunan leukosit dan biaya rawat inap memiliki rentang yang paling panjang. Kombinasi antibiotik azitromisin-sefotaksim lebih cost-effective dibandingkan azitromisin-seftriakson. Faktor yang paling memengaruhi nilai ICER adalah penurunan leukosit dan biaya rawat inap.
Older patients are very susceptible to drug use problems. Drug use problems are related to physiological conditions that affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug. This study aimed to evaluate drug prescribing pattern in older patients at Pasundan Health Center Bandung. Data were retrospectively collected from prescriptions from March to June 2021. The pattern of prescribing drugs was evaluate using the WHO prescribing indicator with five indicators: the number of drugs per prescription, antibiotic use, generic drugs, the percentage of injection preparations, essential drug use. A total of 638 prescriptions met the inclusion criteria. The average number of drugs per prescription is 2.8. The prescription drugs from a total of 1.777 drugs in the form of generic drugs amounted to 83.29%, and essential drugs amounted to 74.28%. The antibiotics and injection use percentage were 11.82% and 0%, respectively. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were amoxicillin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, betamethasone, and miconazole. The most frequently prescribed drugs were amlodipine, paracetamol, diclofenac sodium, chlorpheniramine maleate, and multivitamins. The use of essential and generic drugs was below WHO standard, while the average number of drugs per prescription was above WHO standard.
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