Background: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has been used in the diagnosis of Pulmonary TB and rapid TB diagnosis is essential and critical for TB control. Objective: To evaluate the role of High-Resolution Computed Tomography in diagnosing and assessing the activity of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients. Methodology: Study Design: Cross-sectional study involving radiographic (HRCT) and clinical analysis of patients with suspected tuberculosis, from October 2018 to March 2019. This study was done on a group of 100 patients with suspected tuberculosis having symptoms of fever, cough with sputum, and hemoptysis. After informed consent first detailed clinical history was taken from patients. Criteria standardized for inclusion was; all age groups and both genders. Patients with a history of previous chest surgery and carcinoma were excluded. Then patients undergoing HRCT chest were analyzed and correlated with clinical findings. Features of primary TB include consolidation, lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion, and miliary nodules whereas post-primary TB include apical consolidation, nodules, and cavitation. Results: Overall 80 (80%) out of 100 subjects were diagnosed with Pulmonary TB on High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT). The most common HRCT findings were tree in bud appearance (77%), fibrotic changes (72%), consolidation (68%), cavitation (40%), bronchiectatic changes (18%), ground-glass haze (18%), and calcified granulomas( 10%). Conclusion: Although chest radiography is the foremost imaging technique in the diagnosis and evaluation of pulmonary tuberculosis in our setup, HRCT can be important in early diagnosis and management with greater sensitivity. Bud appearance and consolidation were the commonest patterns found.

Objective: This study's goal was evaluate the part magnetic resonance imaging plays in the identification and classification in perianal fistulas to contrast those results with those from surgery. Study Design: Cross Sectional Place & Duration: Study carried out between the periods of January 2022 to Aug 2022 Material & methods: This study was tested on 50 patients in the hospital. Patients who had undergone MRI pelvis with or without contrast study were counted in the current study. Patients who undergone surgery prior or had recurrent perianal illness were not included in the study. Short T1 inversion recovery, T2 weighted (T2W) sagittal, axial, and coronal MRI sequences (STIR), T1W axial, and coronal sequences, and T1W post contrast axial & coronal sequences were all evaluated. Results Reflected: while evaluation by MRI, among 50 patients, 45 which is 90% were man and 5 which is 10% were female gender. In 45 (90%) of the 50 patients overall, postoperative results confirmed perianal fistula. A total of 5(10%) patients had perianal sinus only. The primary tract was found to have a sensitivity and specificity of 97.73% and 83.33%, respectively, whereas the abscess had a sensitivity and specificity of 88.89% and 95.12%. High sensitivity was also acknowledged for accurately locating the internal opening (95.45%), detecting the horseshoeing (90.91%), correctly identifying the secondary ramification (92.86%) with specificity (94.44%). Conclusion: It is found that MRI demonstrated superior performance in evaluating perianal fistula with critical parameters (primary tract and its grading, internal opening, secondary ramification, abscess, horseshoeing). Pre-operative perianal fistula assessment should be correct to prevent problems and recurrence, which will decrease the need for additional surgeries. Practical Implication: As a result of this study, unnecessary radiation and diagnostic time could be avoided in the preoperative assessment of PAF in ano using MRI. It would also help decrease complications and unnecessary surgeries. Keywords: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Perianal Fistula, perianal sinus, horseshoeing

Objective: The purpose of study is to establish accuracy of doppler sonography in diagnosis of early cirrhosis in hepatitis C positive patients, which is based on portal vein velocity and resistive index considering Histopathology as a gold level standard Student Design: It was a cross sectional comparative study (validation study). Place & Duration of Study: The student was held in Radiology department of District Headquarter Teaching Hospital Gujranwala from 1st July 2019 to 30th June 2020. Materials and Methods: The calculated sample size was 50 cases of anti-HCV anti bodies positive on their blood test fulfilling the inclusion criteria were examined for color Doppler ultrasound to see direction and average blood flow in the portal vein. All these cases were undergone core biopsy of liver and histopathology carried out. The results of histopathology were taken as superior quality / gold standard. Results: Mean age of the patients was found to be 42.5 years. The frequency of the hepatitis C in the different age group varied. Out of the 50 about 37 patients (74%) show decrease in the portal vein velocity towards lower limits regardless no ultrasonic appearance of the cirrhosis and remaining 13 patients (26%), show normal velocities towards upper limits. According to this study portal vein velocity in early cirrhosis is between 10-16 cm/sec and these initial cirrhotic changes confirmed on core liver biopsy (gold standard). Sensitivity was found to be 94.4%, specificity 78.5%, diagnostic accuracy 90.0%, both the NPV (negative predictive value) and PPV (positive predictive value) are high (NPV: 78.5%). Practical Implication: To best of our knowledge, there is very little information on this research topic in our area. The design of improved medical strategies to handle such situations and the improvement of their management will be made possible by the availability of such evidence. Conclusion: In our study, the maximum patients (38%) were suffering with this disease for more than 7 years but less than 9 years. 74% patients showed a decrease in the portal vein velocity towards the lower limit, and 26% patients showed normal velocity towards the upper limit. Keyword: Portal Vein, Doppler Ultrasound, Anti HCV, Core Liver Biopsy, Histopathology, Hepatitis C

Background: Spinal trauma is one of common neurosurgical problem and mismanagement can lead to fatal outcome. Objective: To determine the MRI based initial diagnosis of acute spinal injuries and determine its pattern with reference to its neurological outcome. Methodology: Study Design: Prospective cohort study, involving radiographic and clinical review. This study was performed on 69 patients of spinal trauma, January to December, 2018, at