It is shown that heat capacities of linear macromolecules consisting of all-carbon singlebonded backbones can be calculated from the appropriate contributions of substituted carbon atoms to a precision of about -0.2 + 2.5 % (155 data points), which is similar to the experimental precision. Heat capacity contributions of 42 groups are given over the full range of measurement and reasonable extrapolation. The quality of the addition scheme is tested on 16 series of measurements on homopolymers, copolymers and blends. The addition scheme works for all these different states of aggregation of the constituent groups. The basis of the addition scheme is discussed.The possible additivity of heat capacities of different constituents of linear macromolecules has been a topic of long standing interest in our laboratory. A first attempt to establish an addition scheme was published in 1969 [1]. Based on literature data on 30 polymers, it could be shown at that time that from 60 K to the glass transition temperature additivity seemed to exist with an accuracy of 4-5%. In the meantime, our collection of heat capacities of polymers has grown into the ATHAS Data Bank with data on about 100 polymers [2], During the collection of the data bank it became clear that even polymer melts may show additivity [3]. Of particular interest was that copolymer heat capacities could be generated from the heat capacities of the homopolymer constituents [1]. Heat capacities of multiphase polymers, such as partially crystallized polymers [4] and phase separated block copolymers [5] and blends [6] could also be analyzed by comparison with heat capacities derived from additivity of the components [7]. Even the increase in heat capacity at the glass transition was found to be additive and empirically predictable in terms of the rigid atomic groupings, "beads", in the macromolecule [8].

Summary To profoundly investigate the flow behavior and viscous-oil-microdisplacement characteristics of hydrophobically modified partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HMHPAMs) as well as the effect of associating monomer content on those behaviors and characteristics, compared with partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), the flow experiments through three serial mounted flat-sand-inclusion micromodels and the viscous-oil-microdisplacement experiments in both homogeneous and interstratified connected heterogeneous repeatable quantitative visualization micromodels were conducted by use of a series of polymers with varied associating monomer content (0–1.0 mol%) at similar viscosity within all shear rates concerned. The results obtained from flow experiments show that the resistance factors (RFs) and residual resistance factors (RRFs) generated by HMHPAMs were noticeably higher than those of HPAM, and the RFs and RRFs exhibited significant permeability dependence and increased with associating monomer content. The greater RFs and RRFs for associative polymer might not be mainly caused by polymer adsorption or retention but mostly caused by increasing aggregate sizes. At concerned permeabilities (1.1–6.1 µm2), all injections of HMHPAMs could tend to be stable, which indicates that all HMHPAMs could propagate deep into the porous media. The viscous-oil-microdisplacement experiments regarding the visualization micromodels with varied permeabilities (and permeability contrasts) provide new insights into the viscous-oil-microdisplacement characteristics of HMHPAMs, such as the piston-like displacement and profile modification. In homogeneous models, under different permeabilities (1.1–6.1 µm2), the variations of final viscous-oil recovery first increased and then decreased as a function of increasing hydrophobe content, and the hydrophobe content of the polymer to obtain maximum oil recovery enhanced with increasing permeability. This might qualitatively indicate that a constant permeability matches an optimal content of hydrophobic groups. At permeability contrast of approximately three, the HMHPAM with lower hydrophobe content (0.2 mol%) could obtain the maximum viscous-oil recovery. In contrast, the maximum viscous-oil recovery was achieved by the HMHPAM with higher hydrophobe content (1.0 mol%) at a contrast of approximately five. The HMHPAM with higher content of hydrophobic groups is suitable for the significant heterogeneity.

High melting polymers of three different types of crystallization behavior were analyzed as to their thermal properties. The heat capacity at constant pressure of liquid poly(buty1ene terephthalate) (PBT) from 490 to 540 K was measured by scanning calorimetry. Combining with prior measured liquid heat capacity data of poly(oxy-1 ,Cphenylene) (PO) (358 -620 K), poly-(thio-1 ,Cphenylene) (PPS) (540-600 K), poly(ethy1ene 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate) (PEN) (400-450 K, 530-600 K), an addition scheme for liquid heat capacities was constructed. In addition, the thermodynamic functions Hand S have been calculated for those five polymers.The absolute, molar, residual entropy for the glassy state at zero kelvin is estimated to be 6,6, 15,2, 7,48, 5,70, and 19,9 J/(K mol) for PPS, PEN, PPO, PO, and PBT, respectively. Another two polymers with similar structure, poly(1,Coxybenzoic acid) (POB) and poly(2,6-oxynaphthoic acid) (PON), were also studied in their high temperature mesophase states. A test of the addition scheme has been made to predict their heat capacities. a) This work was partially done in the