With the advent of the aging society, how to grow old healthily has become an important issue for the whole of society. Effective intervention strategies for healthy aging are most desired, due to the complexity and diversity of genetic information, it is a pressing concern to find a single drug or treatment to improve longevity. In this study, long-term administration of triterpenoids of Ganoderma lucidum (TGL) can mitigate brain physiological decline in normal aging mice. In addition, the age-associated pathological features, including cataract formation, hair loss, and skin relaxation, brown adipose tissue accumulation, the β-galactosidase staining degree of kidney, the iron death of spleen, and liver functions exhibit improvement. We used the APP/PS1 mice and 3 × Tg-AD mice model of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) to further verify the improvement of brain function by TGL and found that Ganoderic acid A might be the effective constituent of TGL for anti-aging of the brain in the 3 × Tg-AD mice. A potential mechanism of action may involve the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism, prolonging of telomere length, and enhance autophagy, which allows for the removal of pathological metabolites.

Objectives Our aim is to distinguish different trajectories of cognitive change in Chinese geriatric population and identify risk factors for cognitive decline in each subpopulation. Methods We obtained data from five waves (2002, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014) of the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey, using the Chinese Mini‐Mental State Examination (C‐MMSE) as a proxy for cognitive function. We applied growth mixture modeling (GMM) to identify heterogeneous subpopulations and potential risk factors. Results Our sample included 3859 older adults, 1387 (48.7%) male and 1974 (51.2%) female with age range of 62 to 108 (average of 74.5) at initial survey. Using GMM and best fit statistics, we identified two distinct subgroups in respect to their longitudinal cognitive function: (a) cognitively stable (87.8%) group with 0.49 C‐MMSE points decline per 3 years, and (b) cognitively declining (12.2%) group with 6.03 C‐MMSE points decline per 3 years. Of note, cognitive activities were protective, and hearing and visual impairments were risk factors in both groups. Diabetes, hypertension, stroke and cardiovascular disease were associated with cognitive decline in the cognitively declining group. Physical activities, and intake of fresh vegetables, fruits, and fish products were protective in the cognitively stable group. Conclusions Using GMM, we identified heterogeneity in trajectories of cognitive change in older Chinese people. Moreover, we found risk factors specific to each subgroup, which should be considered in future studies.