Decellularized vascular matrix is a natural polymeric biomaterial that comes from arteries or veins which are removed the cellular contents by physical, chemical and enzymatic means, leaving only the cytoskeletal structure and extracellular matrix to achieve cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation and creating a suitable microenvironment for their growth. In recent years, the decellularized vascular matrix has attracted much attention in the field of tissue repair and regenerative medicine due to its remarkable cytocompatibility, biodegradability and ability to induce tissue regeneration. Firstly, this review introduces its basic properties and preparation methods; then, it focuses on the application and research of composite scaffold materials based on decellularized vascular matrix in vascular tissue engineering in terms of current in vitro and in vivo studies, and briefly outlines its applications in other tissue engineering fields; finally, it looks into the advantages and drawbacks to be overcome in the application of decellularized vascular matrix materials. In conclusion, as a new bioactive material for building engineered tissue and repairing tissue defects, decellularized vascular matrix will be widely applied in prospect.

Background: The human-like collagen I (HLC-I) combined concentrated growth factors was used to construct CGF-HLC-I composite biomaterials to repair the critical bone defect disease model of rabbit mandible. This study aimed to research the repair mechanism of CGF-HLC-I/Bio-Oss in rabbit mandibular critical bone defect, to provide a new treatment direction for clinical bone defect repair.Methods: The optimal concentration of HLC-I (0.75%) was selected in this study. Nine New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups, normal control group, Bio-Gide/Bio-Oss and CGF-0.75%HLC-I/Bio-Oss group (n = 3, each group). CGF-0.75%HLC-I/Bio-Oss and Bio-Gide/Bio-Oss were implanted into rabbit mandibles, then X-ray, Micro-CT, HE and Masson staining, immunohistochemical staining and biomechanical testing were performed with the bone continuity or maturity at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. The repair mechanism was studied by bioinformatics experiments.Results: As the material degraded, the rate of new bone formation in the CGF-0.75% HLC-I/Bio-Oss group was better than that the control group by micro-CT. The biomechanical test showed that the compressive strength and elastic modulus of the CGF-0.75%HLC-I/Bio-Oss group were higher than those of the control group. HE and Masson staining showed that the bone continuity or maturity of the CGF-0.75%HLC-I/Bio-Oss group was better than that of the control group. Immunohistochemical staining showed significantly higher bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) in the CGF-0.75%HLC-I/Bio-Oss group than the control group at 8 and 12 W and the difference gradually decreased with time. There were 131 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the Bio-Gide/Bio-Oss and CGF-0.75%HLC-I/Bio-Oss groups, containing 95 up-regulated proteins and 36 down-regulated proteins. KEGG database enrichment analysis showed actinin alpha 1 (ACTN1) and myosin heavy-Chain 9 (MYH9) are the main potential differential proteins related to osteogenesis, and they are enriched in the TJs pathway.Conclusion: CGF-0.75%HLC-I/Bio-Oss materials are good biomaterials for bone regeneration which have strong osteoinductive activity. CGF-0.75%HLC-I/Bio-Oss materials can promote new bone formation, providing new ideas for the application of bone tissue engineering scaffold materials in oral clinics.

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