Wearable nanogenerators are of vital importance to portable energy-harvesting and personal electronics. Here we report a method to synthesize a lead zirconate titanate textile in which nanowires are parallel with each other and a procedure to make it into flexible and wearable nanogenerators. The nanogenerator can generate 6 V output voltage and 45 nA output current, which are large enough to power a liquid crystal display and a UV sensor.

This article aims to review nature-inspired chemical sensors for enabling fast, relatively inexpensive, and minimally (or non-) invasive diagnostics and follow-up of the health conditions. It can be achieved via monitoring of biomarkers and volatile biomarkers, that are excreted from one or combination of body fluids (breath, sweat, saliva, urine, seminal fluid, nipple aspirate fluid, tears, stool, blood, interstitial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid). The first part of the review gives an updated compilation of the biomarkers linked with specific sickness and/or sampling origin. The other part of the review provides a didactic examination of the concepts and approaches related to the emerging chemistries, sensing materials, and transduction techniques used for biomarker-based medical evaluations. The strengths and pitfalls of each approach are discussed and criticized. Future perspective with relation to the information and communication era is presented and discussed.

On the basis of a vertically aligned ultralong Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 (PZT) nanowire array fabricated using electrospinning nanofibers, we developed a new type of integrated nanogenerator (NG) with ultrahigh output voltage of 209 V and current density of 23.5 μA/cm 2 , which are 3.6 times and 2.9 times of the previous record values, respectively. The output electricity can be directly used to stimulate the frog's sciatic nerve and to induce a contraction of a frog's gastrocnemius. The NG can instantaneously power a commercial light-emitting diode (LED) without the energy storage process. KEYWORDS: Nanogenerator, high output, energy harvesting, PZT nanowires, electrospinning H arvesting clean and renewable energy from the environment is an effective method to response the current energy crisis and power wide distributed nano/microdevices. As a novel energy collector, nanogenerator (NG) exhibits a number of features not shared by the traditional generators, that is, the ones based on ocean tide, river falls, and wind, etc. NG fabricated with piezoelectric nanomaterials can convert tiny and irregular environmental mechanical energy to electricity from sources such as air flowing, heart beating, and so on, which are more popular in our living environment compared to the energy source used for traditional generators as mentioned above.1 Moreover, due to its small size the NG can be effectively integrated with the nano/microscale functional devices to form a self-powered system, which has potential applications in the internet of things, national security, biomedical, and industry areas. In order to improve its output, many attempts have been made ranging from altering piezoelectric materials, that is, ZnO, 14 and so on. Among these systems, many of them need an energy storage unit to make them work properly. This energy storage circuit adds much complexity to the self-powered system and hinders its capacity to work in different tough environments. Here, we report a simple approach of fabricating vertically ultralong Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 (PZT) nanowire arrays from electrospinning fibers to make a high output NG. Benefiting from the ultralong length of vertical nanowires, the fabricated NG has a maximum output peak voltage of 209 V, which is much higher than the past record of 58 V.2 Also, the NG can output a maximum peak current of 53 μA and current density of 23.5 μA/cm 2 , which is 2.9 times of the recent highest value of 8.13 μA/cm 2 . 15 The output power of our NG can be directly used to stimulate the frog's sciatic nerve and induce a contraction of that frog's gastrocnemius. Moreover, the NG can power a commercial light-emitting diode (LED) instantly without energy storage, which is a considerable progress for the development of selfpowered devices.Previous studies have shown that high piezoelectric coefficient of the fabricating material and integrated parallel and serial connection designs are two major factors to effectively increase NG's output. So, we use PZT, which possesses the highest piezo...

A new kind of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is developed based on electrospun PVDF and nylon nanowires. This nanogenerator exhibits the remarkable characteristics of easy fabrication, low cost and high output. Its open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density respectively reach up to 1163 V and 11.5 μA cm(-2) driven by the vibration with a triggering frequency of 5 Hz and an amplitude of 20 mm. The peak power density is 26.6 W m(-2). It directly powered a DC motor without an energy storage system for the first time. By harvesting energy from the environment using this TENG, a fully self-powered UVR detection device is developed to show the level of UVR directly without additional components.