The aim of this study was to determine from patient perspective the most relevant physical functions when estimating the functional disabilities, and to estimate the perceived relative influence of them. Structured telephone interviews were conducted among 143 RA patients. The subjects were asked to name functions and activities in their everyday life, which were affected by RA. After this, they were asked to score each of the named item with a scale from 0 to 100. These were combined with earlier collected data on sociodemographic background and clinical status. Listed activities were grouped to functional disabilities and further categorized according to joints, limbs and body areas. One or more functional disabilities affecting everyday life because of RA was mentioned by 87.4%, altogether 354 mentions. The most commonly mentioned disabilities were walking and opening jars. However, the most commonly mentioned disabilities were not those with highest perceived disabilities. Of the 59 different types of disabilities mentioned, 25 were connected with movements of the shoulder, 30 with elbow, 40 with wrist, and 37 with fingers. Movements of the back were involved in 20 mentioned disabilities, hip and knee both in 8, and ankles in 6. Disabilities related to lower extremity functions were considered most disabling. In conclusion, to describe RA patients' functional disability, the measured functions should be those which the patients themselves consider relevant and causing disability. Furthermore, the studied functional measures ought to be weighted according to the relative influence of each function to the patients.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound effects on the utilization of health care services, including Emergency Medical Services (EMS). Social distancing measures taken to prevent the spread of the disease have greatly affected the functioning of societies and reduced or halted many activities with a risk of injury. The aim of this study was to report the effects of lockdown measures on trauma-related EMS calls in the Finnish capital area. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all EMS calls in the Helsinki University Hospital (HUH) catchment area between 1 January and 31 July 2020. Calls were identified from the HUH EMS database. Calls were grouped into pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown periods according to the restrictions set by the Finnish government and compared to the mean number of calls for the corresponding periods in 2018 and 2019. Statistical comparisons were performed using Mann-Whitney U-test for weekly numbers and percentages. Results During the study period there was a total of 70,705 EMS calls, of which 14,998 (21.2%) were related to trauma; 67,973 patients (median age 61.6 years; IQR 35.3–78.6) were met by EMS. There was no significant change in the weekly number of total or trauma-related EMS calls during the pre-lockdown period. During the lockdown period, the number of weekly total EMS calls was reduced by 12.2% (p = 0.001) and the number of trauma-related calls was reduced by 23.3% (p = 0.004). The weekly number of injured patients met by EMS while intoxicated with alcohol was reduced by 41.8% (p = 0.002). During the post-lockdown period, the number of total and trauma-related calls and the number of injured patients intoxicated by alcohol returned to previous years’ levels. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing measures reduced the number of trauma-related EMS calls. Lockdown measures had an especially significant effect on the number of injured patients intoxicated by alcohol met by the EMS. Trial registration Not applicable.

No abstract