Researchers have sought therapeutic applications for monoclonal antibodies since their development in 1975. However, murine-derived monoclonal antibodies may cause an immunogenic response in human patients, reducing their therapeutic efficacy. Chimeric and humanized antibodies have been developed that are less likely to provoke an immune reaction in human patients than are murine-derived antibodies. Antibody fragments, bispecific antibodies, and antibodies produced through the use of phage display systems and genetically modified plants and animals may aid researchers in developing new uses for monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of disease. Monoclonal antibodies may have a number of promising potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of asthma, autoimmune diseases, cancer, poisoning, septicemia, substance abuse, viral infections, and other diseases.

This paper describes the live supervision context and elucidates its advantages for training and treatment, particularly in structural and strategic therapy. In addition, a predictable progression of trainee reactions to live supervision is presented, as is a sequence of supervisory methods designed to meet the changing needs of trainees.

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Recent PhDs in psychology and biological sciences with spouses who were also professionals were surveyed; the focus was on their joint job‐seeking. Couples frequently described egalitarian decision rules. But traditional patterns were also evident, particularly among the biological‐science sample. Egalitarianism decreased in the actual job decisions made, but here the traditional alternative was frequently cited as a forced choice. Responses to simulations showed egalitarian decisions to be common under low constraint conditions. Constraints such as the need for a job and time pressure produced more nonegalitarian decisions. However, under these hypothetical conditions, the constraints were as likely to produce nontradi‐tional as traditional following. It is suggested that the high traditionality of actual job decisions is, at least in part, a result of institutional constraints.

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