This article proposes an analytical framework for comparing and understanding local policy reactions to the settlement of labour migrants, based on the concept of Host-Stranger relations. Labour migrants represent the Stranger in our midst, and local migrant policies are part of a process in which the local authority comes to grips with the presence of these Strangers. Increasingly, European cities are developing their own ways of dealing with the permanent presence of a significant migrant population, often diverging from national policies. Municipal policy reactions range from establishment of migrant advisory councils to dispersal of ethnic enclaves. As 'new immigration' cities try out their own policies, we may speak of a European-wide phenomenon with cities in different stages of migrant policy development. Yet we lack a theoretical framework enabling comparison of migrant policies at the local level, across different cities and policy domains. The typology proposed here posits four types, or phases, of municipal attitudes/assumptions regarding the migrants and their Otherness, expressed in specific policies toward the migrant population. The aim of the typology is to highlight this often hidden dimension of policy-making at the local level. Examples from a literature survey of 25 cities illustrate uses of the proposed typology.

The Kosovo campaign of 1999 demonstrated unambiguously the weakness of European military forces. Recognition of the consequences of this lack of capability has put new vigour into the European defence debate. Yet decline in military capability is systemic in every European country. The Helsinki goals will do nothing to address this decline. National defence budgets over the past 15 years have been decreasing in real terms. Even if current aspirations to hold military spending levels were to be achieved, the decline in capabilities would continue. Military equipment and personnel costs rise faster than domestic inflation, and therefore fewer people and weapons systems can be afforded each year. There is no prospect of significant uplifts in defence budgets in Europe, despite the acknowledged need for a range of expensive enabling capabilities for post‐Cold War operations. Palliative measures now on trial are unlikely to have a major impact. The only option for European nations is a progressive integration of their forces to realize the economies of scale that would allow effectiveness to be maintained. There are opportunities for initiatives that would produce short‐term pay‐offs. Despite the severe political difficulties of a long‐term plan for integration, the alternative is worse. Trying to maintain sovereignty in defence provision will mean that the nations of Europe will eventually be unable either to meet the requirements of even their most modest security needs or to exercise any influence over US defence and security policies.

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A new quantitative magnetic interpretation of the northern Gulf basin maps magnetic basement structure in greater detail over a wider area than is known to be available elsewhere. This interpretation is based on magnetic depth estimates derived from the analysis of over 100,000 line miles of aeromagnetic data and 25,000 line miles of marine magnetic data. Depth estimates have been correlated with published seismic reflection and refraction data, well data, and to a lesser extent, published gravity data. The integration of various independent data sets thereby permits a more confident separation of, and mapping of, magnetic anomaly sources as either basement related or intrasedimentary. Results of the quantitative interpretation demonstrate that qualitative gravity/magnetic interpretations must be used with care. There are strong correlations between many of the geologic trends documented onshore Texas and Louisiana and the interpreted magnetic basement features, both onshore and offshore. Most basement features are either subparallel or subnormal to the coast. NE structures and fault trends are dominant offshore Texas and form important crosstrends offshore Louisiana. At lease three named NW-SE crosstrends or transfer zones continue from onshore Texas into the Texas offshore. There are good correlation between interpreted basement block boundaries and major Tertiary fault zones such as the Corsair, Wanda, South Cameron, and South Timbalier-Ship Shoal. Magnetic basement indicates that presence of more that twenty subbasins with sufficient sediments to be of exploration interest. Offshore, the basement depths range from about 30,000 feet (9.1 km) over features such as at the Perdidio Uplift to 70,000 feet (over 21 km) in some of the Tertiary deeps.