Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the effects that sildenafil citrate has on gas exchange in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH).Study Design: A retrospective review was performed from 2005 to 2009. Infants treated with sildenafil citrate for greater than 48 h were included. Standard patient data was collected, including echocardiogram, inspired oxygen and systemic blood pressure, before and during administration of sildenafil citrate.Result: Sildenafil citrate was used in 21 preterm infants with BPDassociated PH. A significant reduction in estimated right ventricular peak systolic pressure was seen after initiation of sildenafil citrate, with the majority of infants showing no improvement in gas exchange at 48 h of treatment. Four infants died during treatment. Conclusion:Sildenafil citrate reduced estimated pulmonary artery pressures, but this reduction was not reflected in improved gas exchange within the first 48 h.

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The risk for rehospitalization for infants requiring tracheostomy and ventilator support was affected by prolonged oxygen use, prolonged ventilator dependence, inhaled steroid use and equipment malfunction, and was equally distributed throughout the first 2 years of life.