Data integration and mediation have become central concerns of information technology over the past few decades. With the advent of the Web and the rapid increases in the amount of data and the number of Web documents and users, researchers have focused on enhancing the interoperability of data through the development of metadata schemes. Other researchers have looked to the wealth of metadata generated by bookmarking sites on the Social Web. While several existing ontologies have capitalized on the semantics of metadata created by tagging activities, the UpperTag Ontology (UTO) emphasizes the structure of tagging activities to facilitate modeling of tagging data and the integration of data from different bookmarking sites as well as the alignment of tagging ontologies. UTO is described and its utility in modeling, harvesting, integrating, searching, and analyzing data is demonstrated with metadata harvested from three major social tagging systems (Delicious, Flickr, and YouTube).

We have compared intermittent bolus and continuous infusion of extradural local anaesthetic for pain relief in a randomized, double-blind study of 48 patients who underwent major abdominal gynaecological surgery. Each patient received 5 ml of 0.375% bupivacaine hourly, either as a bolus over 5 min or as a constant infusion. Patients who received the intermittent administration technique maintained a more extensive sensory block, reported marginally better analgesia and had a lower requirement for rescue medication. The intermittent bolus technique was not associated with an increase in side effects.

--Data mediation and interoperation have already become one of the central topics of IT for decades. Since the Web appears, this problem has been exploded due to the increasing amount of data and Web users. This paper takes look at the social tagging behavior. It proposes Upper Tag Ontology (UTO) to model tag data from three popular social tagging networks (del.icio.us, youTube, flickr). In this paper, we discuss how to crawel tag data and store them according to UTO in RDF triple store. Furthermore, based on integrated RDF triple store, we provide three scenarios to show the search possibility of the integrated tag data.

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Abstract. Web 2.0 is turning current Web into social platform for knowing people and sharing information. The Web is strongly socially linked than ever. This paper takes major social tagging systems as examples, namely delicious, flickr and youtube, to analyze the social phenomena in the Social Web in order to identify the way of mediating and linking social data. A simple Upper Tag Ontology (UTO) is proposed to integrate different social tagging data and mediate and link with other related social metadata.