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AimsEvidence for a pathophysiologic relevance of autoimmunity in human heart disease has substantially increased over the past years. Conformational autoantibodies stimulating the cardiac b1-adrenoceptor (b1-aabs) are considered of importance in heart failure development and clinical pilot studies have shown their prognostic significance in human 'idiopathic' cardiomyopathy. MethodsWe recently developed a novel highly sensitive fluorescence-based functional assay to detect stimulating b1-aabs. We will use this method to assess Etiology, Titre-Course, and effect on Survival (ETiCS) of b1-aabs in a prospective multicentre study with serial follow-up of patients after a first acute myocarditis or myocardial infarction. Several European core laboratories will jointly study the hypothesis that both disorders may trigger autoimmune reactions leading to the generation of b1-aabs and/or other heart-directed aabs. Further, sera from healthy controls and well-characterized patient cohorts with dilated, ischaemic, or hypertensive cardiomyopathy will be analysed retrospectively for b1-aab prevalence, incidence, persistence, and/or clearance. ConclusionETiCS is so far the largest clinical diagnostic study projected to address cardiac autoimmunity. It attempts to unravel the pathophysiology of cardiac autoantibody formation and persistence/clearance. ETiCS will enhance current knowledge on autoimmunity in human heart disease and promote endeavours to develop novel therapies targeting cardiac aabs.--

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