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11The purpose of this paper is to conduct a review of how household energy consumption and carbon emissions (HECCE) modelling 12 paradigms have evolved over the years. This is achieved by adopting the literature review methodology for the study. The paper first 13 reviewed the previous studies that are serving as the theoretical framework underpinning the HECCE models. Further to this, the paper 14 identified an array of energy models that have evolved over the years together with their capability of analysing energy consumption and 15 their associated carbon emission trends in housing sector of the economy. The results of the study showed that econometric (mainly 16 top-down), building physics, and statistical (mainly bottom-up) methods are the existing approaches that have found application in mod-17 elling HECCE issues. However, a number of limitations were noticed in these existing modelling techniques. These are (1) lack of trans-18 parency in the model algorithms, (2) inability to account for the complex, interdependencies, and dynamic nature of the issue of energy 19 consumption and carbon emissions, (3) limited evidence to show for the occupants-dwelling interactions, and (4) lack of enough capacity 20 to accommodate qualitative data input. And as such, the study concluded that there is the need to scout for more robust and sophisti-21 cated modelling approaches that take into consideration the kind of complexity involved in issues relating to HECCE. 22

PurposeWith recent extreme weather change from global warming, the ever-increasing volume of waste, and the unsustainable use of natural resources, there is the need to evolve a new way by which building construction projects are constructed to reduce carbon emissions, environmental degradation and excessive resource consumption. It is based on this premise that this paper presents the level of implementation of sustainability practices during building construction projects in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted the mixed methods research approach that involves collecting quantitative and qualitative data through the use of questionnaire and interviews. The numeric data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such average percentages, mean item score, Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests whereas the textual data were analysed thematically.FindingsFrom the questionnaire survey, the result shows that the awareness level of sustainability practices by construction professionals is high in the study area. Also, the findings indicate that “choosing the right construction method for resource conservation and consideration of the client’s satisfaction” is the major sustainability practices that construction professionals implement in the construction phase of building projects in the study area. Insights from the interviews align with the findings from the questionnaire survey.Originality/valueThis study concluded that the awareness level of sustainability practices is high in the study area and “choosing the right construction method for resource conservation” and “consideration of the client's satisfaction” are the major sustainability practices that construction professionals are aware of and is being implemented in the study area. Based on these findings and conclusions reached, it is recommended that construction professionals should improve their knowledge of sustainability to enhance their competence for the effective implementation of sustainability practices during building construction projects in Nigeria.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the complex interrelationships among thedifferent variables purporting to explain household energy consumption and carbon emissions. Energy consumption and carbon emissions in dwellings have been argued to be a complex socio-technical problem that involves interaction of many variables that are interdependent on one another. Design/methodology/approach – The paper investigates the explanatory power of these variables through the use of structural equation modelling which has the advantage of handling complex real-life problems that cannot be modelled by other multivariate analysis methods. This study uses the publicly available datasets of the Scottish House Condition Survey and the Scottish Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours datasets. Findings – This paper found that floor area, energy efficiency in terms of standard assessment procedure value, number of occupants in the dwelling, household income, dwelling age, consumption behaviour and age of householders are among the variables explaining dwellings energy consumption and carbon emissions. The explanatory power of each of these variables was therefore explored. Originality/value – The paper concludes that understanding the complex–causal relationships among the explanatory variables would help decision-makers draw more realistic policies for household energy consumption which is critical to the agenda pertaining to carbon emission.