Metal sulfides have emerged as promising materials for photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications due to their favorable light absorption ability, tunable structural and optical properties. With the rapid development of PEC systems,...

2-iodohexane as precursor for bio-hydrocarbon synthesis was successfully synthesized from sorbitol by using formic acid as reductant and hydroiodic acid as intermediate reducing agent. In the 2-iodohexane synthesis, a higher molar ratio of HI/sorbitol resulted in a higher 2-iodohexane yield but slightly lower sorbitol conversion. In the 2-iodohexane synthesis, a longer reaction time resulted in a higher 2iodohexane yield but no significant increase in sorbitol conversion. In the 2-iodohexane synthesis, the reactions carried out at 105 °C gave the highest 2iodohexane yield, while the highest sorbitol conversion was achieved at 120 °C. Gas phase pyrolysis could effectively convert 2-iodohexane to bio-hydrocarbons consisting of alkanes and alkenes with optimum temperature at 285 °C for 45 min and with a bio-hydrocarbon yield of 77.52%.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a devastating disease of the kidneys that often arise from unresolved acute injury. As a chronic disease, CKD is challenging to diagnose, thus it needs a good combination of a comprehensive understanding of the kidney’s anatomy and physiology and thorough planning for a framework of diagnostic tools to be utilized. This study is intended to provide the diagnostic planning used to determine CKD in an approximately 5-year-old intact male dog that was brought to My Vets Animal Clinic for a check-up visit. On presentation, the dog was emaciated, mildly dehydrated, halitotic, and infested with ticks. A complete blood count (CBC) indicated a normocytic, normochromic, non-regenerative anemia, and lymphopenia. The blood chemistry panel indicated azotemia, elevated symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia. Elevated SDMA level (64 μg/dL, reference value: 0-14 μg/dL) and hypercreatinemia (5.9 mg/dL, reference value: 0.5-1.8 mg/dL) indicated impaired glomerular filtration. Physical and clinical pathological findings signified the presence of CKD in this dog, with a stage-4 severity based on International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) CKD staging criteria. The prognosis of this case was highly guarded, and the dog eventually passed away on the sixth day of hospitalization. In a case with an uncertain outcome, accuracy in both diagnosis and staging of CKD in dogs will aid the therapy regimen planning, which may improve the patient’s conditions.

Atopic disease remains as an enigmatic hypersensitivity disorder in feline patients. Studies of cutaneous atopic syndrome in cats have reported several reaction patterns in cats, presenting as a diagnostic challenge, and a recent literature review has proposed a new set of terminologies for such diagnoses. This paper aims to report a case workup of feline atopic skin syndrome in a patient presented with severe pruritus and reaction patterns of self-inducd alopecia and facial excoriation. Feline food allergy and flea allergic dermatitis were ruled out by a 6-week elimination diet and use of fluralaner respectively. Clinical symptoms were successfully managed with the use of oral glucocorticoid (GC) and systemic and topical antimicrobial, the use of all of which for 8 weeks was deemed successful based on the degree of clinical relief provided. It is concluded that feline atopic skin syndrome is a clinical diagnosis and pharmacological interventions, including drugs to treat skin inflammation and secondary infection, are warranted.