Executive SummaryThere is a growing trend within secondary and post-secondary institutions to offer information technology (IT) certification programs as instructional vehicles to provide students with viable skills needed by the workforce, to satisfy state skill standards, and to prepare students for postsecondary IT studies. The use of IT certification programs in a formal education setting carries a number of salient issues and implications for educational institutions, IT teachers, administrators, students, and, ultimately, the IT workforce.Chief among these issues for both secondary and post-secondary institutions is that formal education institutions lack available data to determine the effectiveness of certification programs on a district, state, and national level. There is a need to collect and share IT certification program data to facilitate comparative analyses across formal educational institutions that are using certification programs or preparation. IT instructors and administrators may be making curriculum programming decisions that are based on a variety of information, some of which may be based more on marketing and convenience than specific program information, such as passage rates on examinations, preparation for post-secondary studies, and job placement opportunities. Making informed curriculum decisions about initiating, maintaining, or terminating IT certification programs also requires an understanding of the current IT workforce and future employment projections to ensure the marketability of students and their prolonged success in the IT workforce.The relative impact that an IT certification has on a student's success depends largely on the educational level at which students obtain a certification. A student that has obtained a certification as an addition to a post-secondary education has a strong theoretical foundation to build on, an increased marketability, and better chances for long term career success. The impact that an IT certification will have on a high school graduate's success in the workforce and long-term career prospects is limited. As opposed to post-secondary graduates, high school graduates lack a strong theoretical foundation and previous experience to draw from when faced with new technologies.Different categories of IT certifications may be more suitable at different educational levels. A vendorspecific certification may be more beneficial and appropriate for postsecondary students in computer science and business degree programs because of the value it adds to their degree in terms of reflecting current technology and marketability. Vendor-neutral IT certifications may be Material published as part of this journal, either on-line or in print, is copyrighted by the publisher of the Journal of Information Technology Education. Permission to make digital or paper copy of part or all of these works for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that the copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage AND that copies 1) bear this...

This comment outlines the facts concerning the United Kingdom's decision to challenge the Council decision to authorize the use of Enhanced Cooperation (a Treaty based mechanism which allows adoption of Proposals among a collective of Member States in the absence of unanimity) in establishing a Financial Transaction Tax among eleven Member States. It places the challenge in context, summarizing the legislative and political difficulties that the original Commission Financial Transaction Tax Proposal has faced. Subsequently it assesses the arguments that the UK made in its challenge to the Court of Justice of the European Union before examining how the court elected to address these issues. Accordingly the comment indicates the potential impact of the decision which raises long term questions about the viability of the Enhanced Cooperation process in the treaties for introducing economic policies.