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The goal of software inspection and test is to reduce the expected cost of software failure over the life of a product. This paper extends the use of defect higgers, the eventsthat cause defects to be discovered, to help evaluate the effectiveness of inspections and test scenarios. In the case of inspections, the defect trigger is defined as a set of values that associate the shills of the inspector with the discovered defect. Similarly, for test scenarios, the defect trigger values embody the deferring strategies being used in creating these scenarios. The usefulness of triggers in evaluating the effectiveness of software inspections and tests is demonstrated by evaluating the inspection and test activities of some software products. These evaluations are used to point to both deficiencies in inspection and test strategies and to progress made in improving such strategies. The trigger distribution of the entire inspection or test series may then be used to highlight areas for further investigation, with the aim of improving the design, implementation, and test processes.

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Business operates everywhere in an environment that is both dynamic and challenging: markets have globalised (supply markets and customer markets); technology has become all embracing (this includes product and process technology) and relationships with suppliers, customers and competitors are undergoing constant change (often influenced by external forces such as technology). A new business model is emerging, one in which competitive advantage is based upon managing processes that facilitate rapid and flexible responses to ‘market’ change and one in which new capabilities are based upon developing unique relationships with partners (suppliers, customers, employees, shareholders, government and, often, with competitors), an understanding of, and the ability to use and to manage the new technology and to understand the impact of knowledge creation and its distribution.