The purpose of this study was to investigate hazing in collegiate marching bands. Specifically, the researchers were interested in marching band students' experiences with hazing behaviors, to whom they were reported, attitudes toward hazing, and level of awareness of institutional hazing policies. Using a multistage cluster sampling approach, we distributed an online questionnaire to college marching band members attending National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I schools. Participants (N = 1,215) were representative of 30 different states and included college freshmen, sophomores, juniors, seniors, and graduate students. Nearly 30% of respondents indicated they observed some form of hazing in their marching band. The most common acts of hazing involved public verbal humiliation or degradation, which generally went unreported. Reticence to report hazing was largely due to fear of social retaliation or perceptions that the hazing behaviors were innocuous. The vast majority of participants had negative attitudes regarding hazing and most learned about their institution's hazing policy through a marching band orientation. Implications for the college marching band, contextualization of results, and future directions are discussed.The collaboration of sports and live music performances has been a long-standing tradition in colleges and universities throughout the United States. With the recent death of Robert Champion, drum major of the Florida A&M University Marching 100,

Downtime data have been acquired from a 1980 MW capacity coal‐fired power station. These data refer to a pulverised fuel system which comprises ten mills, each of which, for the purpose of reliability analysis, has six sets of components liable to failure. The majority voting of the mills was a seven‐out‐of‐ten system. Individual unit failure patterns are determined using a family of exponential models and are used to provide total group reliability patterns, and a computerised alogorithm for analysis of the voting system is developed. A methodology for scheduling majority vote equipment working with non‐symmetrical overhaul downtimes is presented.

DescriptionOriginally intended as a measure of self-esteem for adolescents, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale is probably the most widely used measure of selfesteem for adult populations. The scale is composed of 10 items, 5 of which are negatively worded. Although originally constructed as a Guttman-type scale (i.e., items with an ordinal pattern on the attribute), most researchers use a 4-point response format ranging from strongly agree to strong!} disagree.

ConstructThe Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) assesses six functions that are served through volunteer activity: values, understanding, social, career, protective, and enhancement. DescriptionThe VFI is conceptually based on a theoretical approach that has been most prominent in the study of attitudes (Clary & Snyder, 1991). The functional approach examines the different functions that are served by an attitude, cognition, relationship, or behavior. Extrapolating from this conceptual theme, this scale is based on a functional examination of how 35

The purpose of this investigation was to provide a thorough documentation of the life and career of William F. Cramer. William Cramer was professor of trombone at the Florida State University for more than thirty-five years. He was a master teacher, musician, and scholar. His students remember him fondly as a grandfatherly figure whose teaching had positive impacts on their lives and careers as music educators. Cramer’s contributions to the field of music education, music performance, and scholarship are highlighted throughout this narrative. Former students, colleagues, friends, and family members served as primary sources in the gathering of information on the life and career of William F. Cramer.