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Plerixafor, a novel CXCR4 inhibitor, is effective in mobilizing PBSCs particularly when used in conjunction with G-CSF. In four cohorts, this pilot study explored the safety of plerixafor mobilization when incorporated into a conventional stem cell mobilization regimen of chemotherapy and G-CSF. Forty (26 multiple myeloma and 14 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) patients were treated with plerixafor. Plerixafor was well tolerated and its addition to a chemo-mobilization regimen resulted in an increase in the peripheral blood CD34 þ cells. The mean rate of increase in the peripheral blood CD34 þ cells was 2.8 cells/ll/h pre-and 13.3 cells/ll/h post-plerixafor administration. Engraftment parameters were acceptable after myeloblative chemotherapy, with the median day for neutrophil and plt engraftment being day 11 (range 8-20 days) and day 13 (range 7-77 days), respectively. The data obtained from the analysis of the cohorts suggest that plerixafor can safely be added to chemotherapy-based mobilization regimens and may accelerate the rate of increase in CD34 þ cells on the second day of apheresis. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the effect of plerixafor in combination with chemomobilization on stem cell mobilization and collection on the first and subsequent days of apheresis, and its impact on resource utilization.