Sr Ru O 3 (SRO) thin films were grown on SrTiO3 (100) substrates using the pulsed laser deposition method. In order to fully exploit the correlation between their properties and the partial (working) pressures of oxygen in which they are grown, a wide range of pressures—from 0.1to300mTorr—was investigated. SRO ablation plumes showed a shape transition from forward directed to confined isotropic at 60mTorr. Also, all measured properties of SRO films displayed significant changes at 60mTorr. Out-of-plane lattice constants and strains of SRO films were quite large for low-pressure growth (up to 10mTorr), but became notably minimized at 60mTorr and continued to change gradually with further pressure increases. Ru deficiencies seemed to occur regardless of working pressure value. The island growth mode was dominant for low pressures up to 10mTorr, followed by the step flow growth mode at 60mTorr and step flow plus two-dimensional growth at 200mTorr, reverting then back into island growth at 300mTorr. Only those SRO films exhibiting the step flow growth mode showed a high TC. The correlation between oxygen pressure and film properties is discussed in terms of strain and compositional effects.

of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.

An analytical method for the numerical calculation of the heat transfer coefficient in arbitrarily shaped ducts with constant wall temperature at the boundary is presented. The flow is considered to be laminar and fully developed, both thermally and hydrodynamically. The method presented herein makes use of Galerkin-type functions for computation of the Nusselt number. This method is applied to circular pipes and ducts with rectangular, isosceles triangular, and right triangular cross sections. A three-term or even a two-term solution yields accurate solutions for circular ducts. The situation is similar for right triangular ducts with two equal sides. However, for narrower ducts, a larger number of terms must be used.

No abstract

Geometrical anisotropy axes of diverse SrRuO3 (SRO) films grown by random and directional two-dimensional and step flow modes are determined and their characteristic angular magnetizations are understood in terms of growth mode induced structural effects. Two-dimensional SRO films possess single-crystal-like structural qualities. Angular magnetization measurements show sharp minima and indicate the films’ easy axis to be in the [310] direction. In contrast, examination of step flow SRO films shows the presence of degenerate multiple in-plane domains and the anisotropy axis in a direction close to [110] even though directional surface steps are clearly visible.