APF530 versus the standard three-drug regimen provided superior control of delayed-phase CINV following HEC. ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT02106494.

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The periodic safety update report for marketed drugs (PSUR) was designed to be a stand-alone document that allows a periodic but comprehensive assessment of the worldwide safety data of a marketed drug or biological product. The PSUR can be an important source for the identification of new safety signals, a means of determining changes in the benefit-risk profile, an effective means of risk communication to regulatory authorities and an indicator for the need for risk management initiatives, as well as a tracking mechanism monitoring the effectiveness of such initiatives. For these reasons, the PSUR can be an important pharmacovigilance tool. Numerous steps are involved in the PSUR process including: intake of adverse drug reaction information, case processing, data retrieval, data analysis, and medical review and risk assessment. These processes are heavily reliant on the availability of adequate resources. An overarching principle throughout the PSUR process is the need for a proactive approach in order to identify the critical steps in the process and to have a clear understanding of the consequences of any critical 'mis-step'. With this information comes appropriate planning, building quality into each step of the PSUR process and monitoring performance will maximise the likelihood of generating a quality report. Any failure of a key PSUR process will have the opposite effect - a poor quality report that will give little insight into emerging safety signals or provide misleading information that can adversely affect public health. A pragmatic approach that will avoid or minimise these pitfalls includes the following: adequate resource planning, training, development of 'scripts' designed to maximise the capture of key information for medically important reactions, standardised and harmonised Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) coding procedures, pre-specified search criteria for data retrieval, ongoing medical review, and metrics to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiencies of these processes. With these quality measures in place, the utility of the PSUR as an effective pharmacovigilance tool is enhanced.

A survey was undertaken to gain an understanding of current industry practices in the preparation of the safety information for the Investigator's Brochure (IB). Sixteen of a potential 25 respondents completed a survey (64% response rate). Five respondents represented pharmaceutical and biotech companies, and 11 were consultants or worked at contract research organizations for such companies. The results showed a lack of uniformity of practices. This may be due to the lack of harmonized regulations and guidelines, the lack of standardized terminology and definitions, and the lack of clarity regarding the purpose and content of the various safety-related sections of the IB. These sections, although interrelated, have different purposes, and the criteria and methodology used have to be appropriate for these purposes. It is recommended that regulations, guidelines, and terminology be harmonized worldwide to enable consistent reporting to regulatory authorities across regions, minimize duplication of work for companies that operate in different regions, and to provide meaningful safety information both to the investigator and regulatory authorities. Recently published information regarding the format and the content of a "Reference Safety Information" section provides clarity for this element of the IB, which can hopefully be adopted globally. Until further regulatory clarity is provided for other safety sections, recommended approaches are provided.