No abstract

Key Points Question What are the estimated numbers of COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations averted by case investigation and contact tracing (CICT) programs in the US? Findings This decision analytical model study used CICT program data from 23 jurisdictions and estimated that CICT programs averted 1.11 to 1.36 million cases and 27 231 to 33 527 hospitalizations over 60 days during the 2020 to 2021 winter peak of the pandemic. The upper estimate assumes that all interviewed cases and monitored contacts complied with isolation and quarantine guidelines, whereas the lower estimate assumes that fractions of interviewed cases and monitored or notified contacts did so. Meaning These findings suggest that CICT programs likely played a critical role in curtailing the pandemic.

Although the personnel time for influenza vaccination visits was short, there was substantial patient waiting and long occupancy of examination rooms. If universal influenza vaccination is to be efficiently managed in primary care practices, it may be necessary to implement "vaccination clinics" or sessions in which large numbers of children are scheduled for influenza vaccinations at times when adequate rooms and dedicated nursing staff are available.

These data indicate that extraimmunization can be costly. The challenge is to reduce extraimmunization without interfering with more important efforts to combat underimmunization. Improvements in immunization record keeping and sharing practices may help reduce extraimmunization.