Abstract-This paper investigates the behavior of piezoelectric stacks in a Piezoelectric Actuator Drive (PAD) motor, which shows non-linear equivalent impedance and has a dramatic impact on the overall system performance. Therefore, in this paper, the piezo stackt's model is discussed and an improved large signal model is proposed and verified by measurement. Finally, a Class-D amplifier as a power driver and its associated closed-loop control are implemented and tested to control PAD drive effectively.

The Piezoelectric Actuator Drive (PAD) is a new type of electrical motor that employs piezoelectric multilayer actuators coupled with a form-fitted micro-mechanical gearing to generate rotary motion. The PAD is precise, having a positioning error of less than 2 arc-seconds. Its typical output torque is 4 N m, without any additional gearing. The whole motor is fully non-magnetic, enabling its use in applications where magnetic neutrality is of importance. The main challenges of the PAD are the hysteretic behavior of the ceramic actuators used and their highly capacitive nature. After compensating for the hysteretic behavior, the current waveforms of the motor can be used to extract all necessary parameters for sensorless operation. Moreover, these signals provide a qualitative information about the precision in motor centering and show any mismatch between the actuators used.