It is often difficult to promote the successful performance of feeding behaviors in zoos, especially for carnivores. Feeding enrichment provides these opportunities and often improves behavioral indications of an animal's well-being and the experience of the zoo visitor. The effectiveness of two different feeding enrichment techniques was evaluated on five subjects in two species of felids: African lions and Sumatran tigers. The activity budgets of each cat were compared before, during, and after enrichment, focusing on activity levels, frequency and variety of feeding behaviors, and occurrence of stereotypic behaviors. The presentation of live fish increased the variety and frequency of feeding behaviors, while presentation of horse leg bones increased the frequency of these behaviors. Fish reduced the tigers' stereotypic behavior from 60% of scans to 30% of scans on the day of presentation, and this change was maintained for 2 days following enrichment. Bone presentation also reduced stereotypic behavior and increased nonstereotypic activity in both species. Both of these techniques appear to have sustained effects on behavior lasting at least 2 days after presentation, which may indicate their ability to alter the animals' underlying activity patterns.

Female Pardosa milvina (Hentz 1844) wolf spiders advertise sexual receptivity toward males via silk draglines, and male P. milvina exhibit conspicuous courtship behavior when encountering silk from females. Previous studies suggest that female P. milvina may benefit by limiting silk advertisements and excreta deposition when encountering silk from the predator, H. helluo, and male P. milvina may exhibit corresponding reductions in courtship when encountering silk from conspecific females previously exposed to H. helluo silk. We tested these predictions by comparing the amount of silk and excreta deposited by unmated female P. milvina exposed or not exposed to predator cues (silk and excreta) from H. helluo. We also measured and compared male P. milvina courtship latency and intensity in the presence of silk from females previously exposed or not exposed to predator silk from H. helluo. Contrary to predictions, we found a significant increase in excreta, dragline, and attachment disk deposition after females were exposed to H. helluo cues. Male P. milvina courtship latency did not vary among treatments despite increases in female silk deposition, but males significantly decreased courtship intensity when exposed to silk from females under predation risk. Vertical climbing to escape the predator cues may cause an increase in female silk deposition.