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Abstract:Calorie-labelling has been suggested as an anti-obesity measure but evidence on its impact is scarce and formatting guidance not well-defined. This study tested the impact of prominent calorie-labelling on sales of the labelled items. Prominent calorie labels were posted in front of two popular items for a period of a month. Sales were recorded for two consecutive months, prior to and during labelling. Muffins sales (the higher calorie-item) fell by 30% while sales of scones rose by 4%, a significant difference (X 2 = 10.258, p=0.0014). Calorie-labelling is effective when noticed. Wider-adoption of calorie-labelling for all food-business and strengthening legislation with formatting guidelines should be the next step in public health policy.Introduction:

Accurate wind information is required to support some of the key applications envisioned for future air traffic concepts. A Wind Information Analysis Framework is described to assess wind information needs for different applications. The framework is applied in a Four-Dimensional Trajectory Based Operations (4D-TBO) application using simplified versions of the framework's elements to demonstrate its utility. Realistic ranges of wind information accuracy limitations in terms of wind forecast and Flight Management System wind representation errors are studied. Their impacts on 4D-TBO performance in terms of Required Time of Arrival compliance and fuel burn are presented. Interpretations of the findings to determine wind information requirements are provided.

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