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Central tinnitus is defined as an abnormal sensation of sound which is perceived by the patient and established by neurotologic diagnosis to be retrocochlear and/or within the central nervous system in location. A method of diagnosis and evaluation using evoked response audiometry (ABR) is reported. A clinical test, Simultaneous Binaural Auditory Brain responses with monaural stimulation (ABR) for central location of tinnitus is presented. The use of a diagnostic approach to the selection of a tinnitus masker will be presented. Electrophysiologic indices for central tinnitus have been observed based on short latency ABR recordings. A classification has been presented. The use of lidocaine I.V. therapy with ABR recordings is presented. The concept, diagnosis, and techniques at this time, relating to central tinnitus, are presented as clinical observations. These observations are a beginning for the establishment of an electrophysiologic series of indices which can be interpreted as an electrophysiologic correlate of tinnitus to be supported by basic clinical research.

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Lniversity of h'ashillgtoll. Seattle. !l'ashi/lgton 98195 TII'o methods 01' identifyiug the location 01' clicks superimposed on sentences were cornpared. When Ss first wrote out the entire seruence and then marked the location 01' the clicks. the perceived clicks tended to migrate toward the major constituent breaks 01' the sentences, This trend was not observed when Ss responded by marking the position 01' click s on prepared sctipt s 01' the stirnulus sentence. In addition. both response procedures resulted in a significant trend for the perceived click s to be located before the actual dick locations. The findings 01' this study resolved the conflicting results obtained from previous investigations in this area, There has been a debate concerning the postulated correlation between acoustic outpur and phonernes 01' English. Ladefoged and Broadbent (1960) feit that there was not a one-to-one correlation between the acoustic output and the phoneme. To test this hypothesis. they recorded simple sentences 01' strings 01' digits on one channel of a stereo recording. with an extraneous sound (either a dick 01' a narrow band 01' white noise) recorded on the other channel in such a mannet tha t it coincided with a specific portion of the speech stimuli on the first channel. The Ss listened to the speech stimuli presented 1'0 one ear and the extraneous sound presented to the other ear. The Ss were then asked to indicate where they felt the "superimposed sound occurred on the speech stimuli by noting the word 01' words. The Ss accomplished this task either by writing out the word where the dick occurred 01' by marking a script 01' the speech stimuli which coincided with the occurrence 01' the extraneous sound. Judgments 01' extraneous sound location erred bv an avetage of two words from the objective placernent of the sound on the stirnulus material. with most of the errors indicating that the extraneous sound was perceived as occurring before the objective location. The authors explained the tendency 10 mark the extraneous sound pricr to its actual occurrence by citing Titcheners law of prior entry (Titchener. 1909). In brief. Titcheners law savs if an 5 IS expecting a certain stimulus. such as a dick. along with sorne other unknown stimuli. the 5 will perceive the expected stimulus faster than the unexpected stimuli. Thus. while Ladefoged and Broadbent did not speculate on the size of the perceptual units. they did interpret errors in location 01' the extraneous noise as supporting their contention that speech perception occurred in *This study \las part 01' a PhD dissertation bl' the first 'llIthor under the direction 01' the sc,ond authoT. The au thor~\\ ish to thank Donald Doehring for his ,u!!gest ions for the final red,ion 01' this paper . .U units larger than a single phoneme. Fodor and Bever (1965), citing the Ladefoged and Broadbent data, speculated that the listener. using the intuitive knowledge he possessed about the structure of his native language (Chornsky, 1965). would analyze any incoming linguis...

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