Vascular epiphytes are a diverse and conspicuous component of biodiversity in tropical and subtropical forests. Yet, the patterns and drivers of epiphyte assemblages are poorly studied in comparison with soil-rooted plants. Current knowledge about diversity patterns of epiphytes mainly stems from local studies or floristic inventories, but this information has not yet been integrated to allow a better understanding of large-scale distribution patterns. EpIG-DB, the first database on epiphyte assemblages at the continental scale, resulted from an exhaustive compilation of published and unpublished inventory data from the Neotropics. The current version of EpIG-DB consists of 463,196 individual epiphytes from 3,005 species, which were collected from a total of 18,148 relevés (host trees and 'understory' plots). EpIG-DB reports the occurrence of 'true' epiphytes, hemiepiphytes and nomadic vines, including information on their cover, abundance, frequency and biomass. Most records (97%) correspond to sampled host trees, 76% of them aggregated in forest plots. The data is stored in a TURBOVEG database using the most up-to-date checklist of vascular epiphytes. A total of 18 additional fields were created for the standardization of associated data commonly used in epiphyte ecology (e.g. by considering different sampling methods). EpIG-DB currently covers six major biomes across the whole latitudinal range of epiphytes in the Neotropics but welcomes data globally. This novel database provides, for the first time, unique biodiversity data on epiphytes for the Neotropics and unified guidelines for future collection of epiphyte data. EpIG-DB will allow exploration of new ways to study the community ecology and biogeography of vascular epiphytes. K E Y W O R D S biodiversity, community ecology, database, forest plot, hemiepiphytes, Neotropics, nomadic vines, taxonomic diversity, vascular epiphytes, vegetation relevé 520 |
ResumenSe evaluaron un total de 9 transectos en tres tipos de bosques (3 por sitio) dentro del Parque Nacional Yanachaga Chemillén: (i) bosque pluvial montano tropical, (ii) bosque húmedo tropical y (iii) bosque muy húmedo pre-montano tropical. La medida de cada transecto fue de 50 m x 2 m, evaluando así dentro de cada uno de estos el número de especies y el número de individuos arbustivos por especie. El criterio que se utilizó para incluir a los individuos fue que estos tuvieran una altura ≤ 5 m. El análisis de los resultados indica que la diversidad de arbustos al interior del sotobosque disminuye con la altitud, razón por la cual el mayor número de especies se encontró en el bosque húmedo tropical; no obstante la diversidad siempre fue alta para los 3 tipos de bosques evaluados, tal como sería lo esperado para un Área Natural Protegida. Además el análisis de cluster entre los transectos, arroja un mayor grado de similitud entre la comunidad de arbustos del bosque húmedo tropical con el bosque pre-montano tropical. Finalmente apreciamos que la metodología empleada resulta muy interesante para evaluar biodiversidad en ecosistemas tropicales, por su practicidad y calidad de los datos. Palabras Claves: sotobosque, flora arbustiva, variación espacial de la diversidad, bosques tropicales, evaluación de la biodiversidad, Parque Nacional Yanachaga Chemillén Abstract A total of 9 transects were evaluated in three ecosystems (3 tests in each ecosystem) inside Yanachaga Chemillén National Park (Pasco -Peru): a tropical cloud rain forest, a tropical humid forest and a tropical pre -Montane Very Humid Forest. Transects measured 50m x 2m. Richness, abundance and diversity of individual shrubs ≤ 5m high were analyzed. Results describe that inside the understory the diversity of shrubs diminishes with altitude, due to which the highest number of species was found in the humid tropical forest. Nevertheless, diversity was always high in the three types of forest, as would be expected for an area under protection. Cluster analysis between transects showed closer similarity among shrub communities from the tropical cloud rain forests and those of the pre -montane very humid forest. We state that this methodology is very interesting when you want to evaluate biodiversity in tropical ecosystems, due to its practical use and quality of the data.
Resumen Se realizaron colectas de especimenes del género Codonanthe (Mart.) Hanst. en los tres principales tipos de bosques de la cuenca del río Los Amigos: aguajal, bosque de llanura baja o "bajío" y bosque de terraza alta. Se encontraron dos especies: C. crassifolia y C. uleana; ambas de hábito epífito, y de las cuales C. uleana fue encontrada usualmente asociadas a hormigas ("jardines de hormigas") de las especies Azteca sp., Camponotus femoratus y Crematogaster cf limata parabiotica. De acuerdo al tipo de hábitat y a la cantidad de luz que recibían las plantas se observaron variaciones en la abundancia y morfología de estas especies de epífitas. La especie C. crassifolia es un nuevo reporte para la flora de Madre de Dios.
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