Early childhood socialization is particularly important in the formation of personality. Usually, through socialization, children learn to make important future choices in all spheres of life. This can be in terms of political, social, economic, and physical decision making. Recently, children have been reported to use inappropriate language on adults and their mates; fighting teachers, parents, and adults; burning schools; abusing drugs; engaging in premarital sex; even trafficking drugs; among other social vices. Moreover, children have been seen to value ethnic and religious pessimism. The pessimism has led to the retention of negative ethnicity leading to prejudice and stereotyping. Studies have pointed out poor parenting as the main cause for this disturbing trend. The study was guided by the social learning theory and cognitive development theory. The study adopted a simple analytical framework—the search, appraisal, synthesis, and analysis (SALSA)—to examine the main review types. Data were analyzed using discourse and content analysis.

Traditional techniques used in social work have become obsolete and ineffective in meeting the contemporary needs of the dynamic population. This has led to the development of new social work techniques that seek to achieve social transformation among the youth. These innovations which are being implemented by youth empowerment organizations are important not only to the social workers that utilize them and their clients but also for the upcoming professionals and institutions that provide services to the youth. The overall objective of this paper is to unravel the emerging innovative social work techniques applied by youth empowerment organizations that seek to achieve social transformation among the youth. This study is grounded on diffusion of innovation model and linear models of innovation. This study reviewed different articles related to social work techniques, social work methods, social work intervention books, youth empowerment programs, social innovations, and existing local and international literature using different material from related fields to get rich information. The reviewed literature revealed that there were new social work techniques that have emerged to address the needs of the contemporary and dynamic urban youth population. These innovations have neither been documented nor shared with other organizations and social work practitioners. Social workers also face challenges in developing new techniques and these contributes to poor outcomes with the concurrent diversity of the social problems. This study recommends documentation of emerging social work interventions in youth empowerment and development programs, sharing of information and utilization on the new techniques and methodologies among social workers working with the youth. Social workers need to be trained on how to utilize social research to enhance their capacity in technique development, and organizing regular seminars and workshops where social workers can share and learn more about the new and emerging social work interventions.

The contemporary political landscape in Kenya has been marred by political antagonism and unhealthy competition among the political actors. The Kenyan citizens have bore the brunt of the negative outcomes of this approach to political engagement in seeking solutions to their socioeconomic challenges like poor roads, lack of access to health and educational facilities especially in marginalized areas, high crime rate, inflation, unemployment among others. There is need for a paradigm shift to ensure positive socioeconomic outcomes are achieved. This paper therefore seeks to demonstrate how a bi-partisan approach in responding to the contemporary socio-economic challenges can help achieve socioeconomic development and milestones in Kenya. This study is grounded on political theory while the Search, Appraisal, Synthesis and Analysis (SALSA) framework was used to review different articles from revered journals related to bipartisan policy, non-confrontational political approaches and pragmatic political ideals. The reviewed literatures revealed that achieving bipartisanship in a competitive political environment is a tedious process but ultimately if achieved produces positive socio-economic outcomes like fast tracking of bills and policies in parliament meant to ensure provision of services to the people, value addition to suggested ideas and minimal obstruction in the implementation of projects and services to the people. The study recommends a wide stakeholder engagement and intensive training of Non state actors like the Civil Society groups, State actors like elected representatives at the, Constituency, County and National assembly on the value of bipartisanship and how to engage positively on issues of common good. These bipartisan ideals that will enhance their service delivery and ensure socio-economic development at the constituency. County and National levels.

Approximately 830 women die each day worldwide from pregnancy related complications, 99% of them in developing countries and more than 50% in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite increasing global and national attention on safe motherhood, a recent study by the relevant agencies and the World Bank identified Kenya as one of eight countries in Africa that have made very little progress in reducing maternal deaths. The study sought to assess the influence of belief systems on maternal health in Kilifi South sub-county. The objectives of the study included; to examine the existing Cultural beliefs that women hold during pregnancy in Kilifi South Sub County; to establish the factors contributing to the continued beliefs and practices regarding maternal health in Kilifi South Sub County and to examine the perceptions and attitudes of women on the beliefs held regarding maternal health in Kilifi South Sub county. This study was based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour one of a closely inter-related family of theories which adopt a cognitive approach to explaining behaviour as propounded by be able to perform or carry out the behaviour, and is very similar to notions of self-efficacy. The researcher used descriptive research design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study targeted women of Kilifi County, health practitioners and opinion leaders. The sample population of the study was 397 women, these were sampled using disproportionate stratified sampling. Both questionnaires and interview schedule were used as data collection tools. Quantitative data was coded and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data with frequency distribution tables developed and categorized using a non-normal scale while qualitative data was transcribed, coded and analyzed. Inferential statistics were further used to reach conclusions of the research. The study established that 73.3% of the women of reproductive age are aware of the traditional beliefs and practices that affect maternal health. These range from diet taboos that deny women the nutrients required by