A molecular model is presented for triacylglycerides. These molecules are the main constituent of natural oils, and they are being increasingly sought out for novel technological applications (e.g. in high-performance, biodegradable lubricants). The model is derived from a combination of quantum-mechanical calculations, molecular simulations, and comparisons to experiment. It is shown to be capable of describing a number of equilibrium thermodynamic and transport properties for pure triacylglycerides and their mixtures. Calculated densities and viscosities are in good agreement with available experimental data. Predictions of the viscosity of several multicomponent mixtures, such as canola oil, cocoa butter, and commercial-grade lubricants, also show good agreement with reported values. The proposed model is also used to explore relations between the structure and properties of different functionalities (e.g. position of ethyl branches along the main chain), thereby providing insights into how some chemical treatments might alter the physical properties of natural oils.

ABSTRACT:The study is focused on windshield recycling process resulting in poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) sheets with very low amout of remain glass particles. PVB sheets were obtained from worldwide manufacturer DuPont and then they were laminated by standard autoclaving process. One sample of PVB sheet was modified by multi-functional organic acid in order to compare various levels of adhesion. Three-stage technology was proposed for recycling PVB sheets. In the first-stage laminated safety glass was mechanically cracked. In the second-stage the adhesion reduction to minimal degree was followed by chemical-physical assisted separation. It causes self-release of the glass out of the PVB sheet. The third-stage was mechanical peeling of the remaining glass from the PVB sheet which completed the recycling process. The optimal process conditions for the most effective delamination process were found. Delamination technology produces PVB sheet with minimal residual glass content (up to 300 ppm) and minimal change in PVB sheet properties. Described recycling technology is ecologically friendly (the effluent is fully recyclable as well) and could reduce the worldwide problem with windshield waste disposal.

Adsorption at oil/water interfaces affects the performance of many industrial systems including oil recovery, extraction processes, cosmetic products, and food technology. However, no technique currently available can monitor adsorption dynamics using molecularly sensitive methods. We have constructed a novel total internal reflection fluorescence spectrometer (TIRFS) to follow dynamic adsorption events at the oil/water interface. The TIRFS monitors changes in fluorescence intensity and fluorescence spectra over time by maintaining an optical focus on the fluid interface during adsorption and desorption processes. Kinetic adsorption phenomena are examined by altering the composition of the aqueous phase and recording surface fluorescence response without mechanically disturbing the fluid/fluid interface. The spectrometer captures changes in the fluorescence intensity over tenths of seconds and maintains optical focus for periods of days. Mass transport of fluorescing surface-active material to and from the oil/water interface is accurately modeled using the simple one-dimensional diffusion equation. The geometry designed for this apparatus can be applied to other light-based techniques studying adsorption at liquid/liquid interfaces. Here, we apply the TIRFS apparatus to the study of β-casein adsorption and desorption at an aliphatic oil/water interface. The observed increase in interfacial fluorescence due to β-casein adsorption is slower than the diffusive flux, and desorption is found to be very slow if not irreversible. The TIRF spectrum indicates interaction of sorbed β-casein with the oil phase and subsequent rearrangement of the native structure.

The study is focused on influences of optical properties change of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) sheets determined for safety glass preparing. Optic measurements were evaluated itself and after, the laminated glass was observed. The study deals with a cognizance of causation of the optical properties change in different PVB sheets in dependence on adsorbed water content into the polymer matrix. Results of this work describe the influence of AOH group content on PVB chain and type and amount of additives adjusting adhesion of PVB towards glass. However, the most important discovery of this work is evaluation of critical water content that leads to haze generation. The evaluation of various types of sheets was performed. At the same time the artificial addition of Mg 2þ salts of organic acids (with various polarity of the molecule) was evaluated to assess their influence on haze generation. It was found that haze caused by Mg 2þ salt is possible to eliminate when there is certain water content in PVB. Obtained values and comparisons are very important for PVB sheets industry and for industry dealing with lamination of PVB between glasses. Influence of these factors and comparison of haze generation for various PVB sheets has not been published yet.

We study the changes in adhesive properties of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) sheets assigned for safety glass preparation. PVB sheets have been produced by various worldwide manufacturers by simple blending methods such as extrusion, thermo‐mechanical mixer processes, etc. Some samples were modified either by magnesium acetate or by oligo‐functional organic acid to either reduce the adhesion to glass or to increase it. Adhesive measurements were evaluated on the air side and the tin side of the laminated glass. The study deals with a recognition of causes of the PVB adhesion change as a function of adsorbed water content into the polymer matrix. Results describe the influence of hydroxyl group content and amount of added acid–base reactants for adhesion adjustment of every tested PVB sheet. It also describes typical adhesion fluctuation and specific adhesion bonding of PVB sheets to glass in particular conditions. The analysis evaluates the best and the worst blend combinations and their modification on the adhesion change. We focused on adhesion sensitivity to increasing water content and the amount of added adhesion modifier. This work also evaluated the critical range of water content that provides adhesion fluctuation. The evaluation of various types of PVB sheets was performed and the most stable adhesion adjustment was found. Obtained values and comparisons are very important for the PVB sheets industry and for industry dealing with lamination of laminated glasses. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013