2.

Objective: Although it is known that the airway has bacterial contamination that seeds the surgical site during microlaryngeal surgery, literature on the use of postoperative antibiotics is lacking. We performed a retrospective analysis of open phonosurgical and phonomicrosurgical cases at a single institution to assess whether use of postoperative antibiotics impacts the incidence of surgical site infections (SSI).Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed 228 phonomicrosurgery and 53 open phonosurgery cases performed for benign diseases. Surgeries were performed by two laryngologists between February 2016 and August 2018. The surgeons differ in their postoperative antibiotic regimens: no antibiotics versus a 5-to 7-day postoperative course.Data collected include demographics, medical comorbidities, type of benign laryngeal disease, and surgical procedure. The primary outcome measure was postoperative infection, defined as the patient requiring a new prescription for antibiotics, an extended course of antibiotics, or any mention of infection at follow-up/emergency visits within the first month postoperatively.Results: The overall rate of SSI was 3.1% and 0% for phonomicrosurgery and open phonosurgery cases, respectively. For phonomicrosurgery, there was no difference in the rate of SSI for patients who received or did not receive antibiotics perioperatively: 2.9% versus 3.2% (P = 0.99). Similarly, there was no difference in the infection rate for open phonosurgical cases.Conclusion: Infection rates after endoscopic and open phonosurgery are low. In this study, we found no evidence to suggest a protective effect associated with postoperative use of antibiotics.

Objective. To report a case of unusually widespread sporadic venous malformations of the head and neck associated with normal D-dimer levels and, due to the protean clinical manifestations and increased risk of coagulopathy of these lesions, to review their diagnosis and clinical management. Case Report. A 25-year-old man presented with a one-year history of intermittent right-sided neck swelling and tongue swelling. Physical exam revealed additional lesions present throughout the head and neck. There was no family history suggestive of heritable vascular malformations. Radiographic imaging demonstrated 15 lesions located in various tissue layers consistent with venous malformations. A coagulation screen showed a normal prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio, D-dimer level, and fibrinogen level. It was determined that the patient was not at increased risk for intraoperative coagulopathy and preoperative heparin administration would not be necessary. The patient's buccal and tongue lesions were subsequently excised with no complications. The patient also underwent sclerotherapy evaluation for his neck mass. Conclusion. This case describes a unique presentation of sporadic multifocal venous malformations. It also emphasizes the importance of prompt diagnosis and workup when multiple venous malformations are present to prevent morbidity during surgical excision secondary to intravascular coagulopathy.