Administration of VPA attenuated brain lesion size, reduced brain edema, and induced significant changes in the transcriptome of injured brain within 6 hours. Patterns of differential expression were consistent with the proposed neurogenic and prosurvival effects of VPA treatment.

Outcomes are favorable after transport to high-volume ECMO centers. Guidelines and infrastructure for short- and long-distance ECMO transport is imperative for the efficient and successful management of these patients.

Inhibition of HDAC classes IIa or IIb, but not class I, activates prosurvival pathways, which may be responsible for the improved outcomes in rodent models of HS.