A variety of procedures have been used to assess automatic retrieval effects on memory, including implicit memory tests and the process dissociation approach. Theoretical concerns with each are summarized prior to describing a procedure for evaluating automatic retrieval that is based on retrieval speed. Specifically, in a speeded implicit task, participants were encouraged to complete word stems using strictly automatic retrieval by presenting several practice test trials that did not allow responding based on previously studied items and by encouraging speed of responding. This speeded implicit task was compared with a condition in which conscious retrieval of studied information was not possible and a condition in which conscious retrieval was required, providing converging evidence to support the hypothesis that the speeded implicit procedure can yield pure estimates of automatic retrieval. Furthermore, evidence from a standard implicit memory task yielded comparable data that suggests that participants engaged automatic retrieval processes on this task also.
Die Sozialwirtschaft ist wichtiger Garant öffentlicher Daseinsfürsorge und wirtschaftlicher Leistungsfähigkeit in Deutschland. Finanzierungsengpässe, Fachkräftemangel und unzureichende Arbeitsbedingungen setzen die Sozialwirtschaft allerdings unter Erneuerungsdruck. Dieser ist vielfach nur im Zusammenspiel von Arbeitgebern, Arbeitnehmern und Politik zu beantworten. Generell zeigte sich das System der Arbeitsbeziehungen in der deutschen Wirtschaft in der Vergangenheit vielfach als konstruktives Element zur Gestaltung branchenspezifischer Arbeits-, Tarif-und Sozialpolitiken. Die Ergebnisse des Projekts PESSIS zeigen jedoch, dass derzeit das System der Arbeitgeber-Arbeitnehmerbeziehungen in der Sozialwirtschaft die Modernisierung der Branche nicht aktiv vorantreiben kann. Der Befund "Sociosclerose" verweist darauf, dass die Zukunftsperspektiven der Branche an ihren arbeitspolitischen Institutionen und Interessensblockaden scheitern könnten.
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