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Background Over the last two decades, both invasive and minimally-invasive aesthetic procedures have proliferated. Aesthetic surgeons often recommend injectable treatments after cosmetic facial surgery for multiple reasons. Yet, literature is lacking on how cosmetic surgery affects post-operative facial injectable use. Objectives The authors aim to identify predictors of facial injectable use after cosmetic facial surgery. Methods All adult patients operated on by a single surgeon between 2013 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who had any of the following cosmetic facial surgeries were included: rhytidectomy, blepharoplasty, rhinoplasty, or genioplasty. Patient demographics, clinical history, intraoperative factors, and use of cosmetic facial injectables (neurotoxin, facial fillers, deoxycholic acid, poly-L-lactic acid) were recorded. Results A total of 227 patients who underwent facial cosmetic surgery were reviewed, of which 158 were included. 89 patients had rhytidectomy (56.3%), 112 had blepharoplasty (70.9%), 28 had rhinoplasty (17.7%), and 7 had genioplasty (4.4%). 44.3% patients received injectables after their surgery (n=73), compared to only 17.7% before surgery (n=28) (p<0.001). The most common post-operative injectables were neurotoxins (48.5%) and facial fillers (46.0%), followed by deoxycholic acid (2.7%) and poly-L-lactic acid (2.7%). Multivariate regression revealed factors positively correlated with future injectable use were index blepharoplasty or rhinoplasty, and history of pre-operative neurotoxin injection (p<0.05). Conclusions Cosmetic facial injectables are an important consideration in achieving and maintaining optimal facial aesthetics. Their use, especially neurotoxins and facial fillers, increases among patients post-operatively. These results highlight the contribution of injectable procedures in the context of multidimensional care for augmenting facial aesthetics.

Medical interpreters represent a valuable resource for positively affecting the health of populations with limited English proficiency. Global Wordsmiths, a social enterprise based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, explored the experiences and needs of their medical interpreters using a survey adapted from a variety of qualified sources in health care quality improvement, health literacy, and needs assessments of populations with limited English proficiency. Participant voices suggest the presence of multiple roles of medical interpreters beyond word for word translation as well as lack of adequate training and psychosocial support among the profession. The presence of multiple roles outside their defined job responsibilities and need for more psychosocial support hinders medical interpreters’ ability to positively affect health care access, quality, and outcomes among populations with limited English proficiency. As such, we identify a vital need for health literacy research and practice to further investigate medical interpreters’ experiences.