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We present the first realization of printed capacitive touch buttons and touch pads integrated into the organic coatings on sheet steel. The properties of coated sheet steel relevant for printing are discussed and compared with substrates, commonly used for printed electronics. Different designs and read-out methods for capacitive buttons on sheet steel have been screen printed and their sensitivity in dependence on design parameters is rated. Index Terms-Organic coating, embedded transducer, embedded sensor, conductive substrate, capacitive button, rough surface, substrates for printed electronics.

In this review, we present nonlinear optical methods, based on the second and third order nonlinear polarization, especially in the context of material characterization tasks outside the area of life sciences-for which these techniques are mostly designed. An overview of application studies reported to date is given, together with a discussion on the advantages and limits of the individual methods. Furthermore, new ways of experimentally combining different optical concepts are introduced, and their potential for characterisation and inspection tasks is evaluated in the context of various case studies, including the investigation of semiconductor surfaces, metals and related corrosion products, as well as of organic materials.

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This work reports on the hysteresis behavior and an initial baseline drift of printed strain gauges embedded in organic coating layers on sheet steel that we recently introduced. We subsequently investigated the performance over an extended period of time, which revealed interesting and partially unexpected material properties of printed strain gauges made from silver and carbon. Both silver-and carbon-based strain gauges show a hysteresis behavior of the gauge factor and non-negligible nonlinear characteristics. Furthermore, the carbon-based sensors show a strong initial base line drift within the first 50-100 cycles. All three effects, namely hysteresis, nonlinear gauge factor and initial base line drift, are confirmed within their respective standard deviations.